2019年8月新闻热词汇总

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

这个8月,国产动画电影《哪吒》连续打破多项观影记录,并已“出海”在澳新两国率先上映;各地进一步加强外籍教师管理;两名通过国家专项计划被北大录取又退档的考生,后来又被重新录取;山西乔家大院被取消5A景区质量等级;“上海迪士尼禁止自带饮食被告”的话题登上微博热搜;高成本影片《上海堡垒》票房、口碑双双溃败;中共中央、国务院发布《关于支持深圳建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区的意见》;庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年各项庆祝活动公布。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

5A级景区 5A-level scenic areas

The Ministry of Culture and Tourism conducted a review and inspection of select 5A-level scenic areas to check their resource conservation, tourist facilities and sanitation and safety management, among other services, the ministry said Wednesday.文化和旅游部近期组织第三方专业检查员对部分5A级旅游景区的资源保护、游览设施、环境卫生、安全管理及其他服务方面情况进行了复核检查。

【知识点】

我国旅游景区质量等级(quality rating of scenic areas)划分为五级,从高到低依次为AAAAA、AAAA、AAA、AA、A级旅游景区。旅游景区质量等级的标牌、证书由全国旅游景区质量等级评定机构统一规定。

景区评定等级需要满足的条件包括三个细则,细则一为服务质量与环境质量(quality of service and environment),共分为旅游交通(transport)、游览(tour)、旅游安全(travel safety)、卫生(sanitation)、邮电服务(postal service)、旅游购物(shopping)、综合管理以及资源和环境的保护(resource and environment conservation)8个大项;细则二为景观质量,分为资源要素价值与景观市场价值两大评价项目;细则三为游客意见(tourists feedback),以游客对该旅游景区的综合满意度为依据。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

According to the inspection results, Qiaojia Dayuan, a tourist site featuring an ancient and traditional folk house in the city of Jinzhong, North China’s Shanxi province, was removed from the 5A-level list.根据检查结果,文化和旅游部决定,对山西省晋中市乔家大院景区予以取消5A质量等级处理。

The ministry also named and shamed another six 5A-level tourism spots, and urged them to rectify their problems within three months.文化和旅游部还对6家5A级旅游景区予以通报批评处理,限期3个月整改。

【词汇讲解】

Name and shame是英语里常用的一个固定搭配,这个短语的意思是:to reveal the identity of a person or organization guilty of illegal or unacceptable behavior in order to embarrass them into not repeating the offence,即“将实施了违法违规行为的个人或组织的身份公布出来,让他们难堪,以防止今后再犯”,用中文里的“通报批评”对应很合适。另外,曾经在电视剧里出现过的“游街示众”则可以用shame parade来表示。

这6家被通报批评的景区为:辽宁省沈阳市沈阳植物园景区、浙江省温州市雁荡山景区、河南省焦作市云台山景区、广东省梅州市雁南飞茶田景区、四川省乐山市峨眉山景区和云南省昆明市石林景区。

2019年大学超高净值校友排行榜 2019 University Ultra-High-Net-Worth Alumni Rankings

财富研究公司Wealth-X近日发布了2019年大学超高净值校友排行榜(2019 University Ultra-High-Net-Worth Alumni Rankings)。

榜单显示,全球诞生超高净值人士(净资产3000万美元以上)最多的20所大学中,有17所在美国,3所在欧洲,哈佛大学蝉联冠军。

At nearly 14,000 ultra-high-net-worth (UHNW) alumni, Harvard tops the list. The university has more than double the UHNW alumni of Stanford and the University of Pennsylvania, in second and third place, respectively.哈佛大学位居榜首,拥有近1.4万名超高净值校友,这一数字是第二名斯坦福大学和第三名宾夕法尼亚大学各自超高净值校友人数的两倍多。

The ultra–high-net-worth individual is defined as having a net worth in excess of $30 million.超高净值人士的是指那些净资产超过3000万美元的人群。

除了美国和欧洲名校以外,亚太地区大学占比也在增加,清华、北大跻身前50,分别位列第31位和第35位。

而在亚太地区的榜单上,清华、北大分列第二和第三。排名第一的是新加坡国立大学(National University of Singapore)。

Tsinghua University and Peking University have Asia-Pacific’s second- and third-largest UHNW alumni graduates, according to the report.清华大学和北京大学拥有亚太地区第二和第三多的超高净值校友。

The National University of Singapore occupies the top spot in the region.新加坡国立大学排在该地区的榜首。

该榜单显示,已知的毕业于清华大学的超高净值人士有74名,而北大则有67名。

The known UHNW alumni graduates and wealth of Tsinghua University are 74 and $103 billion, while those of Peking University are 67 and $116 billion.清华大学已知超高净值校友为74人,财富达1030亿美元,北京大学拥有已知超高净值校友67人,总财富达1160亿美元。

规模裁员和失业风险预警机制 early warning mechanism for large-scale layoffs and unemployment risks

China has unveiled measures to stabilize the job market, with steps to establish an early warning mechanism for large-scale layoffs and unemployment risks amid mounting downward pressure on the economy.

在经济面临下行压力的当下,中国政府推出了稳定就业市场的举措,逐步建立规模裁员和失业风险预警机制。

More than 7.37 million urban jobs were created in the first half of the year-two-thirds of the annual target-according to the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security.

来自人力资源社会保障部的相关数据显示,上半年全国城镇新增就业737万人,完成全年目标任务的三分之二(67%)。

此次国务院常务会议就下一步就业工作提出了工作要点,如采取更有力措施稳增长(stabilize growth)、助创业(promote entrepreneurship)。

It also called for stronger efforts to break barriers hindering the development of market entities and to create more jobs. Employment in labor-intensive sectors must be closely monitored, and an early warning mechanism for large-scale layoffs and unemployment risks will be established.

此次会议还提出,要破除束缚市场主体发展的桎梏,拓展就业岗位。同时,严密关注劳动密集型企业等就业情况,建立规模裁员和失业风险预警机制。

6月份,全国城镇调查失业率(surveyed unemployment rate)为5.1%。二季度末,全国城镇登记失业率(registered urban unemployment rate)为3.61%。

在今年3月份的政府工作报告(government work report)中,李克强总理表示,“就业优先政策要全面发力”(pursue an employment-first policy with full force)。在职业技能提升方面,人社部副部长汤涛日前在国新办吹风会上表示,已确定拿出1000亿元,用于职工技能提升和转岗转业培训(upgrading their skills or switching jobs or industries),今年补贴性培训规模将在1500万人次以上;今年高职院校大规模扩招100万人,将大幅增加中央财政对高职院校的投入,以实现经济迈向高质量发展。

人社部就业促进司司长张莹7月25日在人社部新闻发布会上表示,人社部将“稳定就业增长”作为下一步就业工作的首要目标,鼓励企业不裁员(avoid laying off workers)、少裁员(reduce the number of layoffs),支持企业吸纳就业。

大练兵 mass drill

The Shenzhen police force carried out a mass drill on Tuesday as it ramps up efforts to ensure public security for the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

8月6日,根据广东省公安厅统一部署,深圳市公安机关在宝安海滨广场举行了广东公安夏季大练兵“深圳亮剑”行动。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

A total of 12,000 policemen, as well as 50 armored vehicles, 200 emergency unit vehicles, 1,200 motorcycles, five helicopters, eight vessels and two amphibious cars, participated in the exercise.

在行动现场,1.2万名警力整齐集结,装备精良,50辆装甲车、200辆冲锋车、1200台铁骑摩托车、5架直升机、8艘船艇、2辆水陆两栖车以及其他装备分列周围,海陆空警种齐上阵。

The drill covers anti-terrorism exercises, joint air and sea patrols and anti-riot exercises.行动中,深圳市公安机关展开了反恐处突、海空联合巡逻、防暴等三个科目的演练。

Chen Bin, deputy head of the security and patrol unit at the Shenzhen Municipal Public Security Bureau, said ensuring social order and public security in Shenzhen is of great importance for Guangdong province and also the whole country.深圳市公安局治安巡警支队副支队长陈斌表示,保障深圳社会秩序和公共安全对于广东省乃至全国而言都相当重要。

外籍教师 foreign teachers

8月5日,广东省教育厅发布《关于进一步加强外籍教师管理工作的通知》,要求各地市教育局进一步加强对教育部门审批的培训机构聘用外籍教师的监督管理。

The notice was issued after the department received a growing number of complaints from parents that some foreign teachers in some training agencies were not qualified, and a few of them were tourists.

该《通知》发布之前,教育厅收到越来越多家长的投诉,称一些培训机构的外籍教师不合格,甚至有一些是游客身份。

《通知》涉及的聘用外籍教师的单位包括高校、中职学校、中小学、幼儿园和校外培训机构等。

《通知》要求,汇总建立本市各级各类学校和培训机构聘用外籍教师工作台账。

The Guangdong Provincial Department of Education is requiring all universities, colleges, schools, kindergartens and related training agencies to check on the backgrounds and establish special files for all foreign teachers before Sept 15.广东省教育厅要求各高校、中职学校、中小学、幼儿园和相关培训机构,在9月15日前对所有外籍教师进行背景调查并建立专门文件。

The files will be sent to local departments of education, science and technology, public security and foreign experts affairs, said the notice.《通知》称,这些文件将被报送到教育厅、当地科技部门、公安部门和外专局。

根据《通知》要求,确保每位外籍教师持证上岗,不得聘用无来华工作许可、工作类居留许可的人员。

All the schools and agencies are required to abide by Chinese laws and regulations in recruiting foreign teachers.所有学校和机构在招聘外籍教师时都必须遵守中国的法律法规。

None of the foreigners are allowed to be recruited as teachers before they have been granted work permits and residence permits.未取得工作许可和居留许可的外国人不得被聘用为教师。

同时,各聘用单位聘用外籍教师前,还应通过有关考核对拟聘外籍教师的教学能力、师德师风等方面进行综合评估。

In addition to helping foreigners apply for work permits, schools and training agencies are asked to strictly assess the foreign teachers’ morality before they are hired.除了帮助外国人申请工作许可外,学校和培训机构还被要求在聘用外籍教师前对他们的师德师风进行严格评估。

广东省教育厅相关负责人表示,各地各校应立即组织开展聘用外籍教师专项检查,并于9月15日前报送检查情况。

退档考生 rejected students

Peking University is supposed to enroll eight impoverished students from Henan province this year. However, the university decided not to enroll the students in the seventh and eighth places because their grades, 542 and 536, respectively, were much lower than the other six students, with the student in sixth place scoring 667 in the college entrance exam. 北京大学2019年计划在河南省贫困地区专项招生8人。但是,第7名考生考分为542分,第8名考生考分为536分,远低于第6名考生的667分,因此,北京大学决定对第7名、第8名考生予以退档。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

The university said it decided not to enroll the two students because “it would be hard for them to complete their studies as their grades were considerably lower than their peers”.

北大表示,对这两名考生做退档处理是因为“他们的分数明显低于其他同学,入校后极有可能完不成学业”。

The university decided to replace the two students, who put Peking University as their first preference in the gaokao application, with other two students who put it as their second preference, but with much higher grades, both achieving 671.对这两名第一志愿考生退档后,北京大学录取了两名第二志愿考生,分数均为671分。

对于此次舆论关注的考生“退档”问题,北大招生委员会专门召开专题会议。

The university admitted malpractice in student enrollment in the national college entrance exam, or gaokao, on Sunday and decided to re-enroll two students it previously dropped because their grades were considerably lower than others, it said in a statement.

北大承认在高考录取过程中存在不合规之处,并在8月11日发布声明决定补录因分数过低而被退档的两位考生。

【知识点】

为了缩小城乡教育差距(narrow the gap between urban and rural schools),促进教育公平,我国教育部在高考录取中实施三个专项计划,分别为:国家专项计划、地方专项计划和高校专项计划。

国家专项计划(National Special Program)定向招收贫困地区学生(students in poverty-stricken areas)。招生学校为中央部门所属高校和各省(区、市)所属重点高校,实施区域为集中连片特殊困难县、国家级扶贫开发重点县以及新疆南疆四地州。

地方专项计划(Local Special Program)定向招收各省(区、市)实施区域的农村学生。招生学校为各省(区、市)所属重点高校,具体实施区域、报考条件由各省(区、市)根据本地实际情况确定,实施区域要对本省(区、市)民族自治县实现全覆盖。

高校专项计划(Special Program for Colleges and Universities)定向招收边远、贫困、民族等地区(remote, impoverished and ethnic regions)县(含县级市)以下高中勤奋好学、成绩优良的农村学生。招生学校为教育部直属高校和其他自主招生试点高校,具体实施区域由有关省(区、市)确定。

According to the Ministry of Education, a total of 370,000 students from impoverished regions were admitted by China’s 140 top universities, and 103,800 students were admitted to these universities in 2018.教育部的信息显示,共有37万名来自贫困地区的考生通过专项计划被我国140所高校录取,其中2018年录取的考生为10.38万人。

禁带食品入园政策 no-outside-food-and-drink policy

近日,“上海迪士尼禁止自带饮食被告”的话题登上微博热搜。

The suit was brought by a junior, surnamed Wang, from East China University of Political Science and Law after she was told by park security to either throw away the snacks she had brought in her backpack or finish them. In order to get into the park, she finished some snacks and discarded the rest, following a series of failed attempts to resist, including oral disputes with security and phone calls to the police and to the municipal’s official complaint hotlines, according to thePaper.cn.据澎湃新闻报道,这起诉讼由华东政法大学一名大三学生小王发起。她在进入园区之前被保安告知,需将背包中携带的零食丢弃或吃掉。她与工作人员据理力争,后来拨打电话报警,并现场拨投诉热线进行投诉均未果之后,她吃掉一部分零食并丢弃一部分后,得以进入园区。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

小王认为迪士尼乐园制定的规则侵犯了自身合法权益,提起诉讼,向法院提出了两点诉讼请求: 一、确认上海迪士尼乐园禁止游客携带食品入园的格式条款无效(overturn the no-outside-food-and-drink policy);二、要求上海迪士尼乐园赔偿原告损失(compensate her loss),包括原告在迪士尼乐园外购买却因被告不合理规则而被迫丢弃的食品费用,共计46.3元。

最终,浦东法院以“服务合同纠纷(service contract dispute)”为案由立案。4月23日,该案第一次开庭审理。

小王及其同学小杨、小张、小魏向记者表示,“之前最高院表示过餐饮行业禁止自带酒水食物是霸王条款(imparity clause),实践中也有法院判决过电影院禁止自带食物的条款无效,我们认为迪士尼的规定与之相似,侵犯了消费者的权益(infringe consumer rights and interests)。很多人可能也感到自己的权益受到了侵犯,但是由于时间成本等问题而没有去起诉,而我们作为法学生,‘较劲’是我们的‘天职’。”上海迪士尼乐园的管理方上海迪士尼度假区11日回应称,上海迪士尼乐园关于外带食品与饮料入园的规定与中国的大部分主题乐园一致( the “no outside food and beverage” rule is consistent with many other theme parks across China)。若游客自己携带食品或饮料,欢迎游客在乐园外的休息区域享用(guests are welcome to enjoy their own food and beverages outside the park)。

2017年11月15日,上海迪士尼乐园在乐园须知一栏新增规定,“食品(food);酒精饮料(alcoholic beverages);超过 600 毫升的非酒精饮料(nonalcoholic beverages over 600 milliliters)。建议游客在入园前享用完携带的上述食品及非酒精饮料。”

Globally, three out of the six Disneyland parks are open to food and drinks from beyond its services, while the three in Asia – Tokyo, Hong Kong and Shanghai – carry a no-outside-food-and-drink policy.在全球六家迪士尼乐园中,有三家对外带食品饮料没有限制,而东京、香港和上海三家位于亚洲的迪士尼乐园均执行禁止携带食品饮料入园的规定。

在巴黎迪士尼、佛罗里达迪士尼以及加州迪士尼官网的乐园须知中,禁止游客带入园区的物品中与食物相关的只有酒精饮料。

至于为何“禁带食物”,上海迪士尼方面答辩称,消费者可能会携带气味特殊或有安全隐患的食品入园,并且随意丢弃垃圾,不让外带食物是“基于维护园内公共卫生安全而必须订立的规则”。

但网友们并不买帐,认为这一理由没有说服力,指责园区这么做的目的是强迫游客购买园内食物。

Although Shanghai Disney claims the food ban is due to hygiene reasons, that did not stop Chinese net users from speculating that Disney is applying double standards in Asia and forcing tourists to buy their food. 尽管上海迪士尼宣称订立此规则是出于卫生原因,此举还是引发了网友的热议,人们不禁怀疑迪士尼是否针对亚洲存在“双标”行为,且强迫游客购买园内食物。

Some argue that the food and beverages supplied within the park are overpriced, making the motivation behind the policy appear dubious.有网友认为园区内提供的食物饮料标价过高,其禁带饮食规则背后的动机值得怀疑。

中国人民大学法学院教授刘俊海接受环球时报采访时表示,迪士尼向亚洲国家采取“双标”行为十分不妥。

“Disney has infringed on tourists’ right of choice. As a US company, it is improper to apply a double standard on Asian countries,” Liu Junhai, a business law professor at Renmin University of China in Beijing told the Global Times on Sunday.

中国人民大学法学院商法教授刘俊海11日接受《环球时报》采访时表示,迪士尼方面侵犯了消费者的选择权,作为一家美国公司,迪士尼向亚洲国家采取“双标”行为十分不妥。

人造肉 lab-grown meat

Mooncakes filled with lab-grown meat will go on sale in China for the first time in September.今年9月,“人造肉”馅儿的月饼将在我国首次上市销售。

【名词解释】

人造肉,在英语里的叫法有lab-grown meat,cultured meat、slaughter-free meat以及clean meat等,从名字可以看出,这种肉并不是通过大规模饲养动物并宰杀来获取肉类产品,而是在实验室里利用植物蛋白(vegetable protein)或动物干细胞(animal stem cells)制造出的肉。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

下月即将上市的“人造肉”月饼里的肉馅儿就是用植物蛋白制成的。

中国肉类研究中心副总工程师臧明伍介绍,用植物蛋白做“人造肉”是目前国际上相对普遍的方法之一:“它的来源就是植物蛋白,但是有一点不一样,就是从植物中提取了一些血红蛋白(hemoglobin),让口味和外观看起来比较接近真肉(to make it taste and look like real meat)。”

Researchers have been working to reduce the unpleasant smell of vegetable protein and make the vegan product taste like real meat, said Li Jian, an associate professor at the School of Food and Chemical Engineering at Beijing Technology and Business University, who is leading the team making the meat substitute.带领“人造肉”实验团队的北京工商大学食品与健康学院副教授李健表示,研究人员一直在研究去除植物蛋白的异味问题,使植物人造肉味道更接近真肉。

植物肉初创品牌创始人吕中茗介绍,今年推出的第一款产品就是仿老上海鲜肉月饼的植物“人造肉”月饼(mooncakes stuffed with lab-grown meat),并表示,“让老上海人拿我们的产品跟真正的鲜肉月饼对比,很多人都分不清楚。”

李健在接受记者采访时表示,“人造肉”面临的最大挑战是怎样研发出适合中国人口味的人造肉食品(lab-grown meat that caters to Chinese taste),首先要实现的是饺子、肉丸等碎肉产品,继而研制出完全模拟牛排、排骨、红烧肉等人造肉产品。

《上海堡垒》 Shanghai Fortress

自称花了5年时间筹备、斥资3.6亿的《上海堡垒》(Shanghai Fortress)自8月9日上映以来票房口碑双双溃败。目前,该片在豆瓣的评分已经降至3.2分。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

Shanghai Fortress, which has seen its score falling to 3.2 points out of ten on the reviewing site Douban, has been criticized fiercely online.《上海堡垒》被网友批得体无完肤。豆瓣评分一路下跌,目前仅3.2分。

8月10日,该片导演滕华涛道歉,称“谢谢所有观众的批评”。

It doesn’t just show dissatisfaction with the film,” Teng wrote. “It also shows a loss of hope in Chinese sci-fi. As the director, I’m inescapably responsible for this, and I’m truly sorry.”滕华涛写道:这不仅仅是对电影不满意,也是对中国科幻电影的期待落空了。作为导演,我有着不可推卸的责任,真的很抱歉。”

当天下午,《上海堡垒》的原著作者江南致歉称“辜负了你的等待”。

A similar statement on Sina Weibo came from novelist, and the film’s scriptwriter, Yang Zhi, better known by his pseudonym Jiang Nan: “To those who don’t like the film, I am sorry that it didn’t live up to your expectations.”江南在微博中写道:“致歉于那些不喜欢电影的朋友,辜负了你的等待。”

记得年初,《流浪地球》(The Wandering Earth)势如破竹的时候,中国电影人都很兴奋。“中国科幻元年”终于到来的呼声不绝于耳。

《流浪地球》在春节档以黑马姿态呼啸而出成为爆款,有着不少先天优势。而这些《上海堡垒》并不具备。

Here are the elements that paved a solid ground for the soaring success of The Wandering Earth: Director Guo Fan is a diehard sci-fi fan; the script was adapted from top sci-fi novelist Liu Cixin’s eponymous work and its lead star, Wu Jing, is a box office draw who mostly plays tough guys on screen, matching the persona of the astronaut who sacrifices his life to save the Earth in the movie. 《流浪地球》的“原生”优势在于:导演郭帆是铁杆科幻迷;剧本有着“中国当代科幻第一人”刘慈欣的原著托底;主演吴京自《战狼2》后,堪称“票房吉祥物”,而且他的银幕硬汉形象,也和片中殉道式牺牲的宇航员契合。

But The Wandering Earth has become a game changer, making people highly anticipate Shanghai Fortress, which was produced almost in the same time period as The Wandering Earth. And, the creators behind Shanghai Fortress had worked hard.《上海堡垒》从选角到拍摄,其实和《流浪地球》差不多同时期。这部在网上口碑饱受争议的影片据说也是努力过的。

导演滕华涛是一位以都市爱情片成名的导演,《上海堡垒》是他走出自己舒适区的尝试,但显然他的功力还不够。

He spent six years on the production, with one-and-a-half years on special effects. Teng once said that he believed shooting big-budget films with a lot of visual effects will be the mainstream in the future, so he wanted to be on board. However, he is obviously incompetent.他用了六年制作,一年半花在特效上。他曾经表示,视觉特效丰富的大成本影片未来有可能成为全球电影市场的“主流”,他希望自己也能成为这股“洪流”的一部分。然而,他显然功力不够。

《上海堡垒》的问题,还在于根上。

原著的故事设定于2009年,外星人要大举进攻地球,上海是人类唯一的希望,而这只是营造一个乱世的背景。

In the original story, the protagonist, Jiang Yang, who is played by Lu, and Lin Lan, played by Shu, are respectively 22 and 23 years old. This age gap makes it easier to shape a convincing romance. But Lu is 14 years younger than Shu, and both fail to create appealing chemistry on the big screen.原著中,男女主人公江洋和林澜的年龄设定,分别是22岁和23岁。这样的年龄差,是可以让人信服他们之间的朦胧爱意。但差了14岁的鹿晗和舒淇,却无论如何撑不起这样的银幕CP感。

至于特效,滕导或许是尽力了,但效果还是有些平淡无奇。

Considering there have already been so many excellent Hollywood films depicting alien creatures, it’s easy to understand why Chinese audiences are not satisfied with the look of the hunters from the Delta civilization in Shanghai Fortress.在内地观众被好莱坞科幻大片熏陶了这么多年之后,什么样的外星怪物没见过。《上海堡垒》中“德尔达文明”捕食者们的造型和作战方式,还真是有点平平无奇。

科幻片可以这样拍么?不是不可以。但《上海堡垒》却没能用科幻的概念,撑起一个乱世中难以保全的爱情。

Actually, there are two main subgenres of sci-fi productions, respectively dubbed soft sci-fi and hard sci-fi. A love story can shape a wonderful sci-fi story, such as The Time Traveler’s Wife, but the storyline in Shanghai Fortress — which was supposed to be a heartbreaking romance amid turbulence — is told in a poorly made narrative, failing to touch the audience.本来,科幻就分“软科幻”和“硬科幻”两种。《时间旅行者的妻子》就是一个软科幻爱情故事,令人唏嘘不已。但《上海堡垒》却没能用科幻的概念,撑起一个乱世中难以保全的爱情。

西部陆海新通道 new western land-sea corridor

China has released an overall plan about the country’s new western land-sea corridor to deepen the sea-land two-way opening-up and the development of western China, according to the National Development and Reform Commission. The plan covers the period from 2019 to 2025 with an outlook extended to 2035.国家发展改革委印发《西部陆海新通道总体规划》,深化陆海双向开放、推进西部大开发。规划期为2019年至2025年,展望到2035年。

西部陆海新通道(new western land-sea corridor)位于我国西部地区腹地(the hinterlands of the western regions),北接丝绸之路经济带(the Silk Road Economic Belt),南连21世纪海上丝绸之路(the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road),协同衔接长江经济带(the Yangtze River economic belt),在区域协调发展格局中具有重要战略地位。

规划明确了西部陆海新通道的战略定位:推进西部大开发形成新格局的战略通道(strategic corridor to bring about a new pattern of western development);连接“一带”和“一路”的陆海联动通道(a sea-land link between the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road);支撑西部地区参与国际经济合作的陆海贸易通道(a land-sea trade link to support the western regions in participating in international economic cooperation);促进交通物流经济深度融合的综合运输通道(an all-round transportation channel to promote the deep integration of transportation, logistics and the economy)。

空间布局方面:

建设自重庆经贵阳、南宁至北部湾出海口(北部湾港、洋浦港),自重庆经怀化、柳州至北部湾出海口,以及自成都经泸州(宜宾)、百色至北部湾出海口三条通路,共同形成西部陆海新通道的主通道(main corridor)。

核心覆盖区(core areas)包括贵阳、南宁、昆明、遵义、柳州等西南地区重要节点城市和物流枢纽(key logistics hubs);

辐射延展带(extended areas)则联通到兰州、西宁、乌鲁木齐、西安、银川等西北重要城市。

规划提出的发展目标为:

到2020年,一批重大铁路、物流枢纽等项目开工建设(a bunch of railway and logistics projects are under way),陆海新通道对西部大开发的支撑作用开始显现。

到 2025 年,经济、高效、便捷、绿色、安全的西部陆海新通道(build an economical, efficient, convenient, green and safe land-sea corridor for the western region)基本建成,一批重大铁路项目建成投产,主要公路瓶颈路段全面打通。

到 2035 年,西部陆海新通道全面建成(the new land-sea corridor will be fully completed)。

中国特色社会主义先行示范区 the pilot demonstration area of socialism with Chinese characteristics

为全面贯彻落实习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和习近平总书记关于深圳工作的重要讲话和指示批示精神,中共中央、国务院近日发布《关于支持深圳建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区的意见》。

The building of the pilot demonstration area of socialism with Chinese characteristics will help deepen reform and expand opening-up comprehensively, according to the document. It is also conducive to the implementation of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area plan and the fulfillment of the Chinese dream of national rejuvenation.意见指出,建设中国特色社会主义先行示范区有利于形成全面深化改革、全面扩大开放新格局;有利于更好实施粤港澳大湾区战略,为实现中华民族伟大复兴的中国梦提供有力支撑。

意见提出深圳的战略定位是:

——高质量发展高地(leading player in high-quality development)。深化供给侧结构性改革,实施创新驱动发展战略,建设现代化经济体系,在构建高质量发展的体制机制上走在全国前列。

——法治城市示范(example of law-based governance)。全面提升法治建设水平,用法治规范政府和市场边界,营造稳定公平透明、可预期的国际一流法治化营商环境。

——城市文明典范(model of urban civilization)。践行社会主义核心价值观,构建高水平的公共文化服务体系和现代文化产业体系,成为新时代举旗帜、聚民心、育新人、兴文化、展形象的引领者。

——民生幸福标杆(good example of people’s livelihood and happiness)。构建优质均衡的公共服务体系,建成全覆盖可持续的社会保障体系,实现幼有善育、学有优教、劳有厚得、病有良医、老有颐养、住有宜居、弱有众扶。

——可持续发展先锋(pioneer in sustainable development)。牢固树立和践行绿水青山就是金山银山的理念,打造安全高效的生产空间、舒适宜居的生活空间、碧水蓝天的生态空间,在美丽湾区建设中走在前列,为落实联合国2030年可持续发展议程提供中国经验。

发展目标为:

到2025年,深圳经济实力、发展质量跻身全球城市前列(become one of the leading cities in the world in terms of economic strength and quality of development),研发投入强度(research and development input)、产业创新能力(industrial innovation capacity)世界一流,文化软实力大幅提升(cultural power greatly enhanced),公共服务水平(quality of its public service)和生态环境质量(ecological environment)达到国际先进水平,建成现代化国际化创新型城市(a modern, international and innovative city)。

到2035年,深圳高质量发展成为全国典范(become a national model of high-quality development),城市综合经济竞争力世界领先,建成具有全球影响力的创新创业创意之都(a hub of innovation, entrepreneurship and creativity with international influence),成为我国建设社会主义现代化强国的城市范例(an example for China to build itself into a powerful modern socialist country)。

到本世纪中叶,深圳以更加昂扬的姿态屹立于世界先进城市之林,成为竞争力、创新力、影响力卓著的全球标杆城市(a global pacesetter with outstanding competitiveness, innovative capacity and influence)。

其他要点包括:

International talents with Chinese permanent residence permits will be allowed to set up sci-tech companies and act as legal representatives of scientific research institutions in Shenzhen.允许取得永久居留资格的国际人才在深圳创办科技型企业、担任科研机构法人代表。

Great efforts will be made to promote the development of emerging industries with strategic importance, and set up a prudent and inclusive supervision system with greater flexibility, the document said.

大力发展战略性新兴产业,建立更具弹性的审慎包容监管制度。

Shenzhen will also vigorously develop new industries including the intelligent economy and the health care industry, and support the research on digital currency and the application of innovations such as mobile payment.

积极发展智能经济、健康产业等新产业新业态,开展数字货币研究与移动支付等创新应用。

Shenzhen will also continue to open up to Hong Kong and Macao. The country will explore the model of collaborative development by the cities and facilitate the efficient flow of personnel, capital, technology and information, it said.

不断提升对港澳开放水平。探索协同开发模式,促进人员、资金、技术和信息等要素高效便捷流动。

The city will establish a maritime university and a national deep sea research center, and explore the establishment of a maritime development bank.

支持深圳按程序组建海洋大学和国家深海科考中心,探索设立国际海洋开发银行。

The central government will encourage Shenzhen, Hong Kong and Macao to jointly hold cultural and artistic activities to better preserve their cultural heritage and strengthen the sense of identity of compatriots.

鼓励深圳与香港、澳门联合举办多种形式的文化艺术活动,开展跨界重大文化遗产保护,不断增强港澳同胞的认同感和凝聚力。

上海方言早教 nursery schools using Shanghai dialect

A number of nursery schools using Shanghai dialect as their standard instructional language have emerged, becoming a new option for many Shanghai parents.最近出现了一些以上海方言为教学语言的早教机构,成为很多上海父母的新选择。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

“Many parents are beginning to realize their children are not the only ones that cannot speak Shanghai dialect,” said principal of a dialect-oriented nursery.一家沪语早教中心的园长表示,很多家长开始意识到,不会讲上海方言的并不只有自家孩子。

对于给孩子选择纯沪语早教,上海本地的家长表示不希望看到会讲家乡话的人越来越少。

Qian Jing is one parent who sends her child to one such nursery. Born and raised in Shanghai, she insisted children should speak their own dialect.钱静(音译)是土生土长的上海人,她选择把孩子送去沪语早教机构,她认为孩子们应该会说自己家乡的方言。

According to Qian, her son feels very comfortable at the center because teachers all speak the dialect. “As a local Shanghai resident, the last thing I want is to see people in Shanghai no longer speaking the dialect,” she added.她表示,自己的儿子在早教中心很适应,因为那里的老师都说方言。她说:“作为一个土生土长的上海人,我最不想看到的就是上海人不说上海话了。”

而外来的“新上海人”则认为,会讲上海话会增加归属感。

Zhang Yi, who was not a native but later moved to Shanghai, said the exact reason she sent her daughter here is because it uses Shanghai dialect as the language of instruction.张逸(音译)是移居上海的外地人,她说她选择让女儿去这个早教机构的原因恰恰就是因为他们提供纯沪语教学。

For Zhang, learning the dialect can also heighten a sense of belonging. “When you get familiar with the dialect, you will feel more involved as part of the city,” she said.对她来说,学习上海话同时还能增加归属感。“你熟悉了这个语言后就会觉得跟这个城市更加亲近了。”

校闹 acts that disrupt school order

为贯彻落实全国教育大会精神,依法治理“校闹”,教育部、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、公安部、司法部联合印发《关于完善安全事故处理机制 维护学校教育教学秩序的意见》(以下简称《意见》),构建了治理“校闹”的制度体系,保障学校安心办学。

Acts that disrupt school order have put undue pressure on schools which might thereafter refrain from normal physical education, extra-curricular activities, and scolding students. This has affected quality education and the education environment, and must be resolved with greater efforts.因为“校闹”的存在,学校承担了不应当承担的责任和压力,导致一些学校不敢正常开展体育教学、课外活动,不敢正常批评教育学生,干扰了素质教育的实施,影响了良好教育生态的形成,必须下大力气予以解决。

《意见》明确了8类“校闹”行为:

(1)殴打他人(assaulting people)、故意伤害他人或者故意损毁公私财物的(intentionally hurting someone or damaging public or private properties);

(2)侵占、毁损学校房屋、设施设备的(damaging or occupying school facilities);

(3)在学校设置障碍(setting up barricades on campus)、贴报喷字(putting up defamatory posters)、拉挂横幅(putting up banners)、燃放鞭炮(setting off firecrackers)、播放哀乐(playing funeral music)、摆放花圈(laying wreath)、泼洒污物(pouring sewage)、断水断电(cutting electricity and water supplies)、堵塞大门、围堵办公场所和道路的(blocking school gates and buildings);

(4)在学校等公共场所停放尸体的(placing corpse on campus or at public places);

(5)以不准离开工作场所等方式非法限制学校教职工、学生人身自由的(illegally restricting personal freedom of teachers and students);

(6)跟踪、纠缠学校相关负责人(stalking school officials),侮辱、恐吓教职工、学生的(intimidating and insulting students and teachers);

(7)携带易燃易爆危险物品和管制器具进入学校的(bringing hazardous materials or tools to school);

(8)其他扰乱学校教育教学秩序或侵害他人人身财产权益的行为(other acts that disrupt school order or infringe personal and property rights and interests)。

《意见》同时提出,突出“预防为先”,实现“不闹也赔”,强调“闹也不赔”。

Government officials, organizations or individuals should not interfere in dispute settlement procedures to quiet down the situation by forcing the school to shoulder more responsibility and provide quick compensation, the guideline said.为避免政府领导出于息事宁人的考虑,片面加重学校责任,明确规定任何组织和个人不得非法干涉纠纷处理。责任明确前,学校不得赔钱息事。

People should resort to legal means – such as consultation, meditation and lawsuits – to resolve disputes, it said. The school should make compensation in accordance with law if it is held accountable after investigation.

各方应该积极通过协商、调解、诉讼等合法方式化解纠纷。学校确有责任的,要依法、及时进行伤害赔偿。

《哪吒》“出海” overseas release

自上映以来,动画电影《哪吒之魔童降世》(以下简称《哪吒》)不但点燃了人们对国漫的热情,还在不断刷新票房纪录。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

据灯塔专业版数据,8月21日15时左右,《哪吒》票房已达42.39亿元,超过《复仇者联盟4》的42.38亿元,跻身中国票房纪录第三名,仅次于《战狼2》(56.8亿)和《流浪地球》(46.5亿)。

《复联4》的两位导演@罗素兄弟 特意发微博表示祝贺:

Congratulations to the incredibly talented director Jiaozi@饺子导演 on the amazing success of Ne Zha. Many, many congratulations to you on the new record! We’ll definitely be seeing Ne Zha in theaters on 8.29. P.S. Ne Zha, a boy or girl?《哪吒》表现优异,祝贺才华横溢的@饺子导演。对你们的新纪录表示热烈祝贺!8月29号《哪吒》(在北美)上映的时候,我们一定会去看的。PS,哪吒是男孩还是女孩?

The Chinese animated film continued to lead the domestic box office on Tuesday, grossing a total of over 4.2 billion yuan, in 26 days since its debut. And now “Ne Zha” is ready to hit overseas cinemas.8月21日,该动画电影持续领跑国内电影票房,上映26天以来总票房超过42亿元。现在,《哪吒》准备在海外院线上映了。

【单词讲解】

影片在影院全面放映一般叫theatrical release或者general release,用动词形式表达就可以用上面句子里用到的hit cinemas,但是有些影片在正式全面上映之前会选择部分城市的部分影院进行“点映”(preview),为的是营造口碑,推动票房销售。

8月16日,“华人影业CMCPICTURES”发布消息:

The film will hit cinemas in Australia on Friday and in New Zealand on August 29. 《哪吒》将于8月23日登陆澳大利亚,8月29日在新西兰全面上映。

8月18日,美国电影公司Well Go USA官方微博宣布,《哪吒之魔童降世》确认在北美上映。

American film distributor Well Go USA has also confirmed that the highest-earning animated film ever in China will be released in North America, first in IMAX 3D on August 29 and on general release on Sept 6.美国电影公司Well Go USA也确认,这部票房最高的国产动画电影将在北美上映。8月29日IMAX 3D版,9月6日全面上映。

The film’s run in Chinese theaters has been extended by a month to September 26.该片在国内的放映时间已经延长一个月至9月26日。

人格权 personality rights

8月22日,民法典人格权编草案三审稿提请十三届全国人大常委会第十二次会议审议,草案三审稿进一步扩大个人信息的范围。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

In the second version of the draft, personal information included an individual’s name, birthdate, identity card number, fingerprints, home address and phone number.草案二审稿规定的个人信息的范围包括自然人的姓名、出生日期、身份证件号码、个人生物识别信息、住址、电话号码等。

Email addresses and information about a person’s whereabouts will be considered personal information under the latest draft section on personal rights in the civil code.民法典人格权编草案三审稿将个人的电子邮箱地址和行踪信息纳入个人信息范围。

三审稿还明确“个人信息的处理”包括“个人信息的使用、加工、传输、提供、公开等(use, processing, transmission, supply and disclosure of personal information)”。

对于何为人格权以及隐私的定义(definitions of personality rights and privacy),草案三审稿进一步明确并完善,规定:

人格权(personality rights)是民事主体享有的生命权、身体权、健康权、姓名权、名称权、肖像权、名誉权、隐私权(rights of one’s life, human body, health, name,identity, image, reputation and privacy)等权利。

将隐私的定义修改为“自然人不愿为他人知晓的私密空间、私密活动和私密信息等(the private space, activity or information that a person does not want others to know)”,并增加规定:任何组织或者个人不得搜查、进入、窥视、拍摄他人的宾馆房间等私密空间(no organization or individual could search, enter, peer into or shoot others’ private space, such as hotel rooms)。

贷款市场报价利率 loan prime rate(LPR)

The People’s Bank of China (PBOC) announced Sunday that it will replace the loan benchmark interest rate with the loan prime rate (LPR) as a benchmark for setting the interest rate of newly issued commercial individual housing loans.8月25日,中国人民银行宣布新发放商业性个人住房贷款利率的定价基准将由贷款基准利率变换为贷款市场报价利率。

【名词解释】

贷款市场报价利率(loan prime rate,简称LPR)是指由各报价行根据其对最优质客户执行的贷款利率(lending rates for their best customers),按照公开市场操作利率加点形成的方式报价(submit their LPR quotations based on what they have bid for PBOC liquidity in open market operations),由中国人民银行授权全国银行间同业拆借中心(National Interbank Loans Center)计算得出并发布的利率。

目前,商业银行实行的存贷款利率是根据央行公布的存贷款基准利率(benchmark deposit and lending rate)制定的。

Starting from Oct. 8, the interest rate of newly issued commercial individual housing loans will be based on lastest month’s LPR of the corresponding term, while certain basis points will be added, the PBOC said in a statement. Housing loan contracts already inked or in implementation will not be affected by the new rules.央行发布的公告表示,自10月8日起,新发放商业性个人住房贷款利率以最近一个月相应期限的贷款市场报价利率(LPR)为定价基准加点形成。存量个人住房贷款利率不受新政影响。

定价基准转换后,全国范围内新发放首套个人住房贷款利率不得低于相应期限LPR(the housing loan interest rate for first-time buyers should not be lower than the LPR of the corresponding term),按8月20日5年期以上LPR计算为4.85%;二套个人住房贷款利率不得低于相应期限LPR加60个基点(按8月20日5年期以上LPR计算为5.45%),与当前我国个人住房贷款实际最低利率水平基本相当(at the same level of the current lowest personal mortgage loan rate)。

公告表示,人民银行省一级分支机构应按照“因城施策”原则,在国家统一的信贷政策基础上,根据当地房地产市场形势变化,确定辖区内首套和二套商业性个人住房贷款利率加点下限(a basis point addition floor will be decided based on the development of local property markets)。银行业金融机构应根据加点下限合理确定每笔贷款的具体加点数值。

Interest rate policies for individual housing loans via one’s housing provident fund will stay unchanged.公积金个人住房贷款利率政策暂不调整。

央行有关负责人表示,这一调整是为了落实好“房子是用来住的,不是用来炒的(housing is for living in, not for speculation)”定位和房地产市场长效管理机制(a long-term management mechanism for the real estate market),确保定价基准平稳有序转换,维护借贷双方合法权益。

新设自贸试验区 new pilot FTZs

日前,国务院印发《中国(山东)、(江苏)、(广西)、(河北)、(云南)、(黑龙江)自由贸易试验区总体方案》。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

Setting up new pilot FTZs is “a major decision by the Communist Party of China Central Committee and the State Council and a strategic move to advance reform and opening-up in the new era,” the plan said.方案指出,新设自由贸易试验区是党中央、国务院作出的重大决策,是新时代推进改革开放的战略举措。

This will bring the total number of the country’s pilot FTZs to 18, which serve as pioneers of the country’s reform and opening-up as they test new styles of foreign investment management, trade facilitation and transformation of government functions to better integrate the economy with international practices.自由贸易试验区是我国改革开放的先锋,是新型外商投资管理、贸易便利化以及政府职能转变的试验田,以便让我国的经济更好地与国际惯例接轨。至此,我国自由贸易试验区总数将达到18个。

《总体方案》提出了各有侧重的差别化改革试点任务。

山东自贸试验区围绕加快推进新旧发展动能接续转换、发展海洋经济,形成对外开放新高地,提出了培育贸易新业态新模式(nurture new businesses)、加快发展海洋特色产业(develop the marine economy)和探索中日韩三国地方经济合作(explore China-Japan-Republic of Korea economic cooperation at the sub-national level)等方面的具体举措。

江苏自贸试验区围绕打造开放型经济发展先行区(pioneer in open economy development)、实体经济创新发展(innovative development of real economy)和产业转型升级示范区(demonstration zone for industrial tranformation and upgrade),提出了提高境外投资合作水平、强化金融对实体经济的支撑和支持制造业创新发展(support innovation and development of the manufacturing industry)等方面的具体举措。

广西自贸试验区围绕建设西南中南西北出海口、面向东盟的国际陆海贸易新通道(new channel for international land-sea trade targeting ASEAN),形成21世纪海上丝绸之路和丝绸之路经济带有机衔接的重要门户,提出了畅通国际大通道、打造对东盟合作先行先试示范区(pilot zone of cooperation with the ASEAN region)和打造西部陆海联通门户港等方面的具体举措。

河北自贸试验区围绕建设国际商贸物流重要枢纽(key hub for international trade and logistics)、新型工业化基地、全球创新高地和开放发展先行区,提出了支持开展国际大宗商品贸易(international commodity trade)、支持生物医药与生命健康产业开放发展(the opening up of biomedicine- and healthcare-related industries)等方面的具体举措。

云南自贸试验区围绕打造“一带一路”和长江经济带互联互通的重要通道(build an important channel of connectivity for the Belt and Road and the Yangtze River economic belt),建设连接南亚东南亚大通道的重要节点,推动形成我国面向南亚东南亚辐射中心、开放前沿,提出了创新沿边跨境经济合作模式(innovate modes of cross-border economic cooperation)和加大科技领域国际合作力度等方面的具体举措。

黑龙江自贸试验区围绕深化产业结构调整(deepen industrial structure adjustment),打造对俄罗斯及东北亚区域合作的中心枢纽,提出了加快实体经济转型升级、推进创新驱动发展和建设面向俄罗斯及东北亚的交通物流枢纽(build a transportation and logistics hub to facilitate cooperation with Russia and Northeast Asia)等方面的具体举措。

方案强调,自贸试验区建设过程中,要强化底线思维和风险意识,完善风险防控和处置机制(improve mechanism of risk control and response),实现区域稳定安全高效运行,切实维护国家安全和社会安全(safeguard national and social security)。充分发挥地方和部门积极性,抓好各项改革试点任务落实,高标准高质量建设自贸试验区(build high-quality free trade pilot zones with high standards)。

新版语文教材 new Chinese textbooks

教育部日前召开新闻发布会介绍高中三科统编教材情况。今年9月起,高中思想政治、语文、历史三科统编教材将在北京、上海、天津、山东、海南、辽宁6个省(市)率先使用。其他省市也将在2022年前全部使用新教材。

“The new Chinese textbooks boast a selection of 67 classic works of ancient poetry and prose that account for 49.3 percent of all articles,” said Wen Rumei, editor-in-chief of the new Chinese textbooks, at a press conference held by the Ministry of Education (MOE) on Tuesday.普通高中语文教材总主编温儒敏介绍,新的统编语文教材中,共选入古代诗文67篇(首),占全部课文数的49.3%。

【词汇讲解】

这些名词均含“文章”或“论文”之意。Composition多指学校里老师给学生的作文练习;article多指在报刊、杂志上发表的非文艺性的文章,包括新闻报道、学术论文等;prose专指散文。Paper是美式英语,对应的英式英语是essay,在大学里一般都指文章,作为考试成绩的一部分,不是专著性的论文。而thesis和dissertation在中文里都可以翻译为论文、毕业论文,有时也可以互换使用,表示博士论文或者硕士论文。不过严格地说,英国大学和美国大学对这两个词的使用和定义很不一样,可以说正好相反:英国的博士论文一般都是thesis,指有创见性的专著性论文,硕士论文是dissertation;而在美国dissertation表示最高一层的、深入的、有独创性的毕业论文,即博士论文,thesis则多指硕士论文。

据悉,语文新教材精选了反映中华优秀传统文化的经典名篇(classic articles featuring traditional Chinese culture),从古风、民歌(folk music)、绝句(quatrains)、律诗(metrical verse)到词曲,从诸子散文到历史散文(proses),从两汉论文、魏晋辞赋到唐宋明清古文,从文言小说(classical novels)到白话小说(vernacular novels),均有呈现。

The textbook puts special emphasis on China’s revolutionary history, including five articles written by late Chinese leader Mao Zedong and five articles by prominent modern Chinese writer Lu Xun, who was a leading figure in the New Culture Movement in the 1910s, Wen said.温儒敏表示,语文教材选取反映革命历史的作品,其中包括毛泽东的5篇(首)文章,以及上世纪初“新文化运动”先锋鲁迅的5篇文章。

It also includes more than 10 foreign classic articles as well as those reflecting China’s achievements, he added.教材也选入了十多篇外国文学文化经典作品,以及反映我国发展成就的作品。

针对背诵问题,温儒敏说,古诗文的背诵数不是很多,“高中要求背诵的古诗文才20篇,如果以三年来算,平均每个学年背诵六七篇,并不是很多。”

共和国勋章 the Medal of the Republic

今年是中华人民共和国成立70周年,党中央决定,首次开展国家勋章(the Medal of the Republic)和国家荣誉称号(national titles of honor)集中评选颁授,隆重表彰一批为新中国建设和发展作出杰出贡献的功勋模范人物。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

Chinese scientist Tu Youyou, winner of the 2015 Nobel Prize for the discovery of artemisinin, has been nominated for China’s Medal of the Republic.因发现青蒿素而获得2015年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖的我国科学家屠呦呦入选“共和国勋章”建议名单。

Besides Tu, seven other role models have been nominated for the honor, including Zhang Fuqing, a 94-year-old war hero who served as a soldier in the Chinese People’s Liberation Army during the Liberation War (1946-49) and was twice awarded the title of “Combat Hero”, and Yuan Longping, a Chinese agricultural expert who is also called the “father of hybrid rice”.除屠呦呦以外,入选“共和国勋章”建议名单的还有94岁的张富清以及我国农业专家、“杂交水稻之父”袁隆平等七人。张富清在解放战争的枪林弹雨中多次荣立战功,荣获“战斗英雄”称号两次。

Another 28 figures have been nominated for a national honorary title. 另有28人入选国家荣誉称号建议人选。

Among the candidates are Nan Rendong, the founding scientist of China’s Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST); Tung Chee-hwa, the first chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; and Cheng Kaijia, a nuclear weapons expert who participated in experiments of the country’s first atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb and the combination of the two bombs.其中包括500米口径球面射电望远镜(FAST)工程概念提出者南仁东,香港特别行政区首位行政长官董建华,以及我国核武器事业的开拓者、参与和主持首次原子弹、氢弹试验,以及“两弹”结合飞行试验的核武器专家程开甲。

【我国的功勋荣誉表彰体系】

自党的十八大以来,为建立起中国特色功勋荣誉表彰体系,党中央确立了“1+1+3”的制度建设方案。即,党中央制定一个指导性文件,全国人大常委会制定一部法律,有关方面分别制定党内、国家、军队3个功勋荣誉表彰条例。

当前,中国确立了以“五章一簿”为主干的统一、规范、权威的功勋荣誉表彰制度体系。

“五章”是指“共和国勋章(the Medal of the Republic)”、“七一勋章(the July 1 Medal)”、“八一勋章(the August 1 Medal)”、“友谊勋章(the Friendship Medal)”以及国家荣誉称号(national titles of honor);“一簿”是指功勋簿(Book of Merit)。

“共和国勋章(the Medal of the Republic)”

授予为党、国家和人民的事业作出巨大贡献、功勋卓著的杰出人士(those with great contributions and distinguished service for the Party, the country and the people),这是根据宪法法律规定,由全国人大常委会决定、国家主席签发证书并颁授的国家勋章,是国家最高荣誉(the highest honor of the country)。

“七一勋章(the July 1 Medal)”

授予在中国特色社会主义伟大事业和党的建设新的伟大工程中作出杰出贡献的党员(CPC members who have made great contributions to the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics and the construction of the CPC),这是由中共中央决定、中共中央总书记签发证书并颁授的党内最高荣誉(the highest honor of the CPC)。

“八一勋章(the August 1 Medal)”(于2017年7月28日首次颁授)

授予在维护国家主权、安全、发展利益,推进国防和军队现代化建设中建立卓越功勋的军队人员(servicemen and women who have strongly safeguarded the country’s sovereignty, national security and benefit, and who have made outstanding contributions to the development of national defense and the modernization of the military),这是由中央军委决定、中央军委主席签发证书并颁授的军队最高荣誉(the highest honor of the military)。

2017年7月28日,在中国人民解放军建军90周年之际,中央军委首次颁授“八一勋章”,麦贤得、马伟明、李中华、王忠心、景海鹏、程开甲、韦昌进、王刚、冷鹏飞、印春荣等同志为第一批荣获“八一勋章”的同志。

“友谊勋章(the Friendship Medal)”(于2018年6月8日首次颁授)

授予为我国社会主义现代化建设和促进中外交流合作、维护世界和平作出杰出贡献的外国人(foreigners who have made outstanding contributions to China’s socialist modernization drive, promoted exchange and cooperation between China and the world, and helped maintain world peace),为国家最高荣誉。

2018年6月8日,国家主席习近平向俄罗斯总统普京授予首枚“友谊勋章”。

国家荣誉称号(national titles of honor)

授予在经济、社会、国防、外交、教育、科技、文化、卫生、体育等各领域各行业作出重大贡献、享有崇高声誉的杰出人士(prominent figures who have made great contributions and earned reputations in fields such as economy, society, national defense, diplomacy, education, science, culture, health and sports)。

功勋簿(Book of Merit)

为记载上述功勋荣誉获得者及其功绩(to keep a record of these medal recepients and their achievements),还专门设立了党、国家、军队功勋簿。

国庆庆祝活动 celebration events on National Day

今年是中华人民共和国成立70周年,首都北京将举行隆重热烈的庆祝活动。

2019年8月新闻热词汇总

8月29日,中宣部常务副部长王晓晖在国务院新闻办公室举行的新闻发布会上向记者介绍了庆祝活动安排情况。国家发展改革委、文化和旅游部、北京市、阅兵领导小组办公室负责同志共同出席新闻发布会并回答记者提问。

President Xi Jinping will attend a grand gathering to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Oct. 1. Xi, also general secretary of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee and chairman of the Central Military Commission, will deliver an important speech at the event, said Wang Xiaohui.王晓晖介绍,10月1日,在天安门广场隆重举行庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年大会,中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平发表重要讲话。

A military parade and mass pageantry will be held following the gathering, Wang said.庆祝大会后将举行盛大的阅兵式和群众游行。

阅兵领导小组办公室副主任、军委联合参谋部作战局副局长蔡志军表示:

The parade will be larger than those marking the 50th and 60th anniversaries of the PRC’s founding and the 70th anniversary of victory in the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931-45) in 2015.相比庆祝建国50周年、60周年阅兵和纪念抗战胜利70周年阅兵,这次阅兵的规模要大一些。

The Tian’anmen Square parade will debut advanced weapons and equipment, he said, adding that all equipment displayed is domestically developed and in service. It will consist of square formations of marching soldiers from different forces and types of vehicles and equipment as well as air formations.此次天安门阅兵将分为徒步方队、装备方队和空中梯队。其中,装备方队的受阅装备全部为国产现役装备,不少先进武器装备是首次亮相。

庆祝活动主要包括以下安排:

一是隆重举行庆祝大会、阅兵和群众游行。

10月1日,以中共中央、全国人大常委会、国务院、全国政协、中央军委名义在北京天安门广场隆重举行庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年大会(a grand gathering to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China),中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平发表重要讲话。庆祝大会后,将举行盛大的阅兵式(military parade)和群众游行(mass pageantry)。

二是举办首都国庆联欢活动。

10月1日晚,在北京天安门广场举办首都国庆联欢活动(a grand evening gala in Tian’anmen Square)。党和国家领导人同首都各界代表一起联欢并观看文艺演出和焰火表演(watch performances and a fireworks show)。

三是颁授国家勋章和国家荣誉称号。

在人民大会堂举行隆重颁授仪式,对在中国特色社会主义建设和保卫国家中作出重大贡献、建立卓越功勋、道德品质高尚、群众公认的杰出人士,在中国社会主义现代化建设和促进中外交流合作、维护世界和平中作出杰出贡献的外国人,在各领域各行业作出重大贡献、享有崇高声誉、道德品质高尚、群众公认的杰出人士,分别授予“共和国勋章”(the Medals of the Republic)、“友谊勋章”(Medals of Friendship)和国家荣誉称号(national titles of honor)。中华人民共和国主席习近平将亲自颁授勋章、奖章,签发证书。

四是举行向人民英雄敬献花篮仪式。

9月30日烈士纪念日(Martyrs’ Day),在北京天安门广场人民英雄纪念碑(the Monument to the People’s Heroes)前,举行向人民英雄敬献花篮仪式(present flowers to deceased national heroes),缅怀英雄烈士。党和国家领导人和首都各界群众代表参加。

五是举办国庆招待会。

以中华人民共和国主席习近平名义,在人民大会堂举办盛大国庆招待会(National Day reception),中共中央总书记、国家主席、中央军委主席习近平发表重要讲话。

六是举办国庆文艺晚会。

在人民大会堂举办庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年文艺晚会(an evening gala featuring music and dance),这次晚会将以大型音乐舞蹈史诗形式呈现,名称叫《奋斗吧 中华儿女》。

七是举办庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年大型成就展。

9月起,在北京展览馆举办庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年大型成就展(a large-scale exhibition on the achievements of the PRC in the past seven decades)。

八是颁发“庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年”纪念章。

以中共中央、国务院、中央军委名义,向中华人民共和国成立前参加工作的、健在的老战士老同志(living veterans and comrades who participated in the work on the revolution before the founding of the PRC),中华人民共和国成立后获得国家级表彰奖励及以上荣誉并健在的人员(living individuals who received honors and awards at the State level and above after the founding of the PRC),中华人民共和国成立后因参战荣立一等功以上奖励并健在的军队人员(含退役军人)(living service personnel and veterans who received honors above the first-class merit citation for fighting wars after the founding of the PRC)以及为中华人民共和国成立作出杰出贡献的国际友人(foreign friends who have made outstanding contributions to the founding of the PRC),颁发“庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年”纪念章(medals in commemoration of the 70th anniversary of the PRC)。

九是制作播出大型文献专题片。

以中华人民共和国成立70年来取得的辉煌成就为主要内容,制作播出大型文献专题片(documentary on the achievements of the PRC in the past seven decades),国庆前夕在中央电视台一套黄金时间播出。同时,我们还将推出一批庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年、具有较高思想艺术水平的戏剧、音乐、舞蹈、美术等各类优秀文艺作品(outstanding works of art in traditional opera, music, dance and fine art),展映一批重点主题电影和电视剧,推出一批重点出版物。

十是发行纪念邮票和纪念币。

以庆祝中华人民共和国成立70周年为题材,发行一套纪念币和一套纪念邮票(commemorative coins and stamps)。

(中国日报网英语点津 马文英)

来源:中国日报网

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