Web Service 定义

Web Service也称为 XML Web Service, WebService是一种可以接收从Internet或者Intranet上的其它系统中传递过来的请求数据，轻量级的独立的通讯技术。是通过SOAP在Web上提供的软件服务，使用WSDL文件进行说明，并通过UDDI进行注册。WebService是一种跨平台语言和跨操作系统平台的远程调用的技术。

作为java软件工程师都知道有时候我们需要调用第三方平台接口，很多接口语言协议不统一很是头痛。今天我们用三种方式来调用天气的接口作为案例来讲解。

我们直接访问天气接口返回一个界面提供了四种方法说明：

1.SOAP 1.2 请求和响应示例

package com.gwu.test;import cn.hutool.json.JSONArray;import cn.hutool.json.XML;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;import java.io.BufferedReader;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.InputStreamReader;import java.io.OutputStream;import java.net.HttpURLConnection;import java.net.URL;import java.util.List;public class TestXmlWebService {    /**     * 发送http post调用webservice     *     * @param strUrl     * @param requestSoapXml     * @return     * @throws IOException     */    public static String soapPost(String strUrl, String requestSoapXml) throws IOException {        //第一步：创建服务地址，不是WSDL地址pp        URL url = new URL(strUrl);        //第二步：打开一个通向服务地址的连接        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();        //第三步：设置参数        //3.1发送方式设置：POST必须大写        connection.setRequestMethod("POST");        //3.2设置数据格式：content-type        connection.setRequestProperty("content-type", "text/xml;charset=utf-8");        //3.3设置输入输出，因为默认新创建的connection没有读写权限，        connection.setDoInput(true);        connection.setDoOutput(true);        //请求头必须设置SOAPAction        connection.setRequestProperty("SOAPAction","http://WebXml.com.cn/getWeatherbyCityName");        //第四步：组织SOAP数据，发送请求        OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream();        os.write(requestSoapXml.getBytes());        //第五步：接收服务端响应，打印        int responseCode = connection.getResponseCode();        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();        if (200 == responseCode) {//表示服务端响应成功            InputStream is = connection.getInputStream();            InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(is);            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);            String temp = null;            while (null != (temp = br.readLine())) {                sb.append(temp);            }            is.close();            isr.close();            br.close();        }else{            throw new RuntimeException("调用webservice失败：服务器端返回HTTP code " + responseCode + "信息：" );        }        os.close();        return sb.toString();    }    public static void main(String[] args)  {        String url = "http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx";        String p = "<soap:Envelope xmlns:xsi=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance\" xmlns:xsd=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema\" xmlns:soap=\"http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/\">\n" +                "  <soap:Body>\n" +                "    <getWeatherbyCityName xmlns=\"http://WebXml.com.cn/\">\n" +                "      <theCityName>广州</theCityName>\n" +                "    </getWeatherbyCityName>\n" +                "  </soap:Body>\n" +                "</soap:Envelope>";        try{            String response = TestXmlWebService.soapPost(url,p);            cn.hutool.json.JSONObject data = XML.toJSONObject(response);            //从data中解析rescode和resmsg，其中"rescode"为0时代表成功，其他均为失败。            JSONArray resMsg = data.getJSONObject("soap:Envelope")                    .getJSONObject("soap:Body")                    .getJSONObject("getWeatherbyCityNameResponse")                    .getJSONObject("getWeatherbyCityNameResult")                    .getJSONArray("string");            String resMsgStr= JSON.toJSONString(resMsg);           List<String> list=com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray.parseArray(resMsgStr,String.class);            for ( String a: list) {                System.out.println(a);            }        }catch (Exception e){            e.printStackTrace();        }    }}

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2.HTTP GET 请求和响应示例

欢迎大家来到IT世界,在知识的湖畔探索吧!package com.gwu.test;

import cn.hutool.json.JSONArray;
import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject;
import cn.hutool.json.XML;
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.gwu.utils.HttpUtil;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.URLConnection;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

@Slf4j
public class TestGetWebService {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        String result = HttpUtil.sendGet("http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName?theCityName=广州");
        cn.hutool.json.JSONObject data = XML.toJSONObject(result);
        JSONObject jsonObject = data.getJSONObject("ArrayOfString");
        JSONArray lastjSONArray = jsonObject.getJSONArray("string");
        String mes = JSON.toJSONString(lastjSONArray);
        List<String> list = com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray.parseArray(mes, String.class);
        for (String as : list
        ) {
            System.out.println(as);
        }


    }

    /**
     * 发送GET方法的请求
     */
    public static String sendGet(String url) {
        String result = "";
        BufferedReader in = null;
        try {
            URL realUrl = new URL(url);
            //打开和URL之间的连接
            URLConnection connection = realUrl.openConnection();
            // HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) realUrl.openConnection();
            //设置属性
            setGetProperty(connection);
            //建立实际的连接
            connection.connect();
            //获取所有响应头字段
            Map<String, List<String>> map = connection.getHeaderFields();
            //遍历所有的响应头字段
            for (String key : map.keySet()) {
                log.info(key + "===>" + map.get(key));
            }
            //定义BufferedReader输入流来读取URL的响应
            in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
                    connection.getInputStream(), "UTF-8"));
            String line;
            while ((line = in.readLine()) != null) {
                result += line;
            }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.info("发送GET请求出现异常！" + e);
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        //使用finally块来关闭输入流
        finally {
            try {
                if (in != null) {
                    in.close();
                }
            } catch (Exception e2) {
                e2.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    /**
     * get方法请求属性设置
     */
    private static void setGetProperty(URLConnection connection) {
        connection.setRequestProperty("accept", "*/*");
        connection.setRequestProperty("connection", "Keep-Alive");
        connection.setRequestProperty("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)");
    }
}

3.HTTP POST 请求和响应示例

下面提供java post调用实例关键要注意设置head信息

package com.gwu.test;import cn.hutool.json.JSONArray;import cn.hutool.json.JSONObject;import cn.hutool.json.XML;import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;import org.apache.http.client.entity.UrlEncodedFormEntity;import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;import java.util.ArrayList;import java.util.HashMap;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;@Slf4jpublic class TestPostWebService {public static void main(String[] args) {String url="http://www.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/WeatherWebService.asmx/getWeatherbyCityName"; Map<String, String> headerMap=new HashMap<>(); headerMap.put("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=utf-8"); headerMap.put("accept", "*/*"); headerMap.put("connection", "Keep-Alive"); headerMap.put("user-agent", "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1;SV1)"); Map<String, String> bodyMap=new HashMap<>(); bodyMap.put("theCityName", "广州"); String resultStr= sendFormPost( url, headerMap, bodyMap); JSONObject data = XML.toJSONObject(resultStr); JSONObject jsonObject= data.getJSONObject("ArrayOfString"); JSONArray lastString=jsonObject.getJSONArray("string"); String result= JSON.toJSONString(lastString); List<String> list=com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONArray.parseArray(result,String.class); for ( String as: list) {System.out.println(as); }}/** * 发送form表单类型的Post请求 * * @param url 发送的url * @param headerMap 请求头参数集合 key参数名 value为参数值 * @param bodyMap 请求参数集合 key参数名 value为参数值 */ public static String sendFormPost(String url, Map<String, String> headerMap, Map<String, String> bodyMap) {//创建post请求对象 HttpPost post = new HttpPost(url); try {//创建参数集合 List<BasicNameValuePair> list = new ArrayList<>(); //添加参数 if (bodyMap != null) {for (String str : bodyMap.keySet()) {list.add(new BasicNameValuePair(str, bodyMap.get(str))); }}//把参数放入请求对象，，post发送的参数list，指定格式 post.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(list,"utf-8")); if (headerMap != null) {for (String str : headerMap.keySet()) {post.addHeader(str, headerMap.get(str)); }}CloseableHttpClient client = HttpClients.createDefault(); //启动执行请求，并获得返回值 CloseableHttpResponse response = client.execute(post); //得到返回的entity对象 HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity(); //把实体对象转换为string String result = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "utf-8"); //为防止频繁调用一个接口导致接口爆掉，每次调用完成后停留100毫秒 Thread.sleep(100); //返回内容 return result; } catch (Exception e1) {e1.printStackTrace(); return ""; }}}

天气接口参考地址：
WeatherWebService Web 服务 (webxml.com.cn)

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