欢迎大家来到IT世界,在知识的湖畔探索吧!
四、当定语从句有介词时，介词可以放在 whomwhose which 前，介词提前时，whomwhich不能省,介词不提前，whom which 可以省。切记 that, who介词不能提前。
1.This is the roomwhich I lived in. =This is the room in which I lived .
2.This is the womenwhom I spoke to. =This is the women to whom I spoke .
3.The boy whom Isay hello to is Tom.=The boy to whom I say hello is Tom.
4.The dog which Itake care of is little . =The dog of which I take care is little.
5.This is theteacher_____
A who Ispoke B whom I spoke C to who I spoke D Ispoke to
6.The man ______comes from Si chuan
A whomhe talked B with whom he talked
C withthat he talked D with who he talked
7.The man ______ ismyteacher
A Isay goodbye to B whom I say goodbye
C that Isay goodbye D to who I say goodbye
五、特殊的定语从句引导词
当先行词是时间时，用 when(onwhich)引导定语从句。
July 1 is the day when theParty was founded.
当先行词是地点时，用 where(in which)引导定语从句。
This is the factory where I once workedthree years ago.
当先行词是原因时，用 why(for which)引导定语从句。
The reason why he didn’t come was that hewas badly ill.
当先行词是the way时，用 in which /that /x引导定语从句。
This is the way that he settles theproblem.
当先行词是“物复”时，用 ofwhich引导定语从句。译为：其中
He has many books , of which this oneis of importance.
当先行词是“人复”时，用 ofwhom 引导定语从句。译为：其中
He has many friends, of whom Tom is hisbest friend.
当先行词是case/situation// activity/ point/ stage时，用where/in which。
当先行词是occasion时，用 when (on which)引导定语从句。
There is an occasion when students like tochat with teachers.
先行词是一段时间（from1999to2005）/ for+一段时间时；用during which time
当先行词是untilnine o’clock，用 by which time引导定语从句。
I didn’t go to bed until 12, by which timemy wife had been asleep for 3 hours
★Therewas a time when… 曾经一度 Therewas a time when the boy played truant.(逃学)
六、非限制性定语从句（先行词与定语从句用逗号分开）
that永远不能引导的非限制性定语从句，which和 as 可以引导的非限制性定语从句，which只用句中，译为“这一点”as 放在句首或句中译为“正如”
1．He is late, which makes the teacherangry.
2．He killed my dog , which made meunhappy.
3．As is well known to us all, China is adeveloping country.
4．He was late, as was expected.
5.____is mentionedabove, the number of the cattle here has been limited to 200.
A. It B.Which C. That D. As
特大重点：定语从句高考三句型
句型1:Heis one of the boys who are ill / He is the onlyone of the boys who is ill.
句型2: Isthis house ______ you visit. (the one (that))
Is this the house__________ you visit. (that / which / X)
Is thismuseum________ you work? (the onewhere)
Is this the museum________you work? (where / in which)
句型3 allof whom = and all of them
allof which = and all of them
1.He has threesons,_____ are good.
A all ofthem B all of whom C and all ofwhom D all of which
2.He has threebooks, ______are good.
A all ofthem B all of whom C and all of whom D allof which
3.Is this school______you visit? A the one Bwhere C which D that
4. She brought withher three friends, none of _____ I had ever met before.
A.them B.who C.whom D. these
5.He has twodaughters, _______is good.
Aneither of them B both of them C neitherof whom D both of whom
6.He has two books, ______ was lost.
A thenewest of which B the newest of them
C thenewer of which D the newer of them
7.Tom wrote a lotof novels , _____are popular.
A manyof them B many of those C many o fwhich D many of that
定语从句 巧记法：
what 不能引定从； 介、逗、that 不同行；
先行不定序最修，要用that , which 丢；
as 首/中，which 只中间； 正如as 记心间。
历届高考英语选择题精选(定语从句)
1. His parents wouldn’t let him marryanyone ______ family was poor.
A.of whom B.whom C.ofwhose D.whose
2. She heard a terrible noise, _______brought her heart into her mouth.
A.it B.which C.this D.that
3 .In the dark street , there wasn’t asingle person _____ she could turn for help.
A.that B.who C.from whom D.towhom
4. The weather turned out to be very good ,____ was more than we could expect.
A.what B.which C.that D.it
5. Afterliving in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town ____ he grew upas a child. A.which B.where C.that D.when
6. Recently I bought an ancient Chinesevase , _____ was very reasonable.
A.which price C.the price of which C.its price D.the price of whose
7._____ has already been pointed out ,grammar is not a set of dead rules.
A.As B.It C.That D.Which
8. He lived in London for 3months , during ____ time he learned some English.
A.this B.which C.that D.same
9. On the wall hung a picture, _____ coloris blue.
A.whose B.of which C.which D.its
10. Whenever I met him , ____ was fairlyoften, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.
A.what B.which C.that D.when
11. The visitor asked the guide to take hispicture _____ stands the famous tower.
A.that B.where C.which D.there
12.Theboss ____ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women. A.in which B.in that C.inwhose D.whose
13. I don’t like _____ you speak to her.
A.theway B.the way in that C.theway which D.the way ofwhich
14. He made another wonderful discovery ,____ of great importance to science.
A.which I think isB.which I think it is C.which I think it D.Ithink which is
15. Hewas very rude to the customs officer, ____ of course made things even worse. A.who B.whom C.what D.which
16._____is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are makingprogress. A. It B. As C. That D. What
17.____is often the case, we have workedout the production plan.
A. Which B. When C. What D. As
18._____isknown to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What
19. Thefactory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80%_____are soldabroad. A. of which B.which of C. of them D. of that
20.Thejourney around the world took the old sailor nine months, _____the sailing timewas 226 days.
A. of whichB. during which C. from which D. for which
21.Hepaid the boy $ 10 for washing ten windows, most of_____ hadn‘tbeen cleaned for a year. A. these B. those C. that D. which
22 This is Mr Smith, _____ I think hassomething interesting to tell you.
A.who B.whom C.what D.which
23.There is a mountain ,_____ the top isalways covered with snow.
A.whose B.of which C.which D.its
五、时态和语态
高中考纲8种时态
一般现在时主语+is/ am/ are,主语第三人称单数，谓语动词一定+-s
一般过去时主语+动词的过去式
现在进行时主语+is/ am/ are +doing
过去进行时主语+was/ were +doing
现在完成时主语+have/ has +过去分词
过去完成时主语+had +过去分词
一般将来时主语+will/ shall+动词原型
过去将来时主语+would +动词原型
(1)一般现在时
①表示目前经常存在的动作或状态; 火车，飞机等按时间表出发一定用一般现在时。
eg 1.His father isa worker, and he works in YD company.
2.Thetrain _____ at 11:05 according to the timetable.
A isleaving B leaves C hasleft D will leave
②表示真理永远用一般现在时。
My geographyteacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
The teacher saidthat light travels faster than sound.
③as soonas, before, after, when, until, if 等词引导的状语从句用一般现在时，永远不用将来时。即“主将从现”
1.As soon as I______ him , I’ll tell him the news.
A willsee B. see C.shall see D .am seeing
2 .Don’t get offuntil the bus_____.
Astopped B stop C stops D will stop
3.My parents havepromised to come to see me before I ___ Africa.
A left B leave C haveleft D will leave
但：if,when 引导的宾语从句可以用一般将来时： 如:
1.I don’tknow if he will come here, if he comes, pleasetell me.
2. I don’tknow when he will come here, when he comes, pleasetell me.
(2).一般过去时：表示过去曾经或经常性的动作。
1 基本用法：常用: 一段时间+ ago;in 1980; last year;
just now=a moment ago after +一段时间= 一段时间+later;
a fewdays ago = the other day
如： Hecame here the other day.
2特殊用法 （隐形用法）
1．—–Hello!Tom ,I _____you_____here?
—–How long have you been here?
A don’t knowwere B don’t know; are C didn’t know; are D.didn’t know;were
2.—-I have got togo now.
—-Must you? I ______ you could stay for dinner with us.
A thought Bthink C have thought D amthinking
3. Edward, you playso well. But I _____ you _____ the piano.
A don’tknow ; have played B don’t know; play
C didn’tknow; play D. didn’tknow; played
特大重点：in+ 一段时间 after+ 时间点一定用一般将来时；
如：He will come back in threehours. He will be back after three o’clock.
(3)过去进行时
主语+ was/were + Ving表示过去某一时间点正在发生的动作。
1.When I got off,it was raining 2. He was reading at seven yesterday morning.
高考考点：be just doing只是在
bealways doing =be forever doing 表示总是老是，表示责备或埋怨
1. He thinks I workhere, but I am just helping until the new secretary comes.
2.—– Are youhomesick?——No， Iam just thinking of my girl friend.
3. He thought welooked at him, in fact, we were just staring at the sky.
4.—-Don’t eatit!—Oh , I am just tasting
5. My car_____ downwhen I need it.
A isalways breaking B has always broken C always breaks Dalways broke
6. It is alwaysraining on Sunday. 7. The teacher is always critizing me .
(4). 过去将来时
主+would +v 原形 =主+ was/were + going to do
1. .He says that hewill come here → He said that he would comehere.
2. The girl saysshe will leave for Tibet.→The girl said she would leave for Tibet.
(5) 现在完成时: 主+ have /has+ 过去分词
三大经典用法:
1 for+一段时间 2 since + 时间点 3 since + 主语+ 过去时
四个基本用法
1 in/ during/ over the past / last+一段时间, 要用现在完成时
2 recently =lately译为“最近”, 用现在完成时
3 It is the firsttime +主+现在完成时
4 by now = sofar 到目前为止 since then =even since = since
如：1. Hehas lived here for three years. 2.He has lived here since1990.
3. Hehas lived here since he was born.
4.Inthe past fifty years or so, scientists have found many “new”stars.
5.Haveyou heard from him recently? 6 .I have not seen him recently.
7 .It isthe first/ second/ third… time he_____here .
Acame B has come C had come D comes
8.It isthe third time I have seen her .
重点题：—Howis the weather in your hometown this summer？
—It______ as little as it does for a long time.
A hasn’trained B doesn’t rain C wasn’training D didn’t rain
本题考查现在完成时的用法， 时间状语now 和 for a long time 为明显提示。题干的意思是“很长时间都没有像现在下雨这么少了”
现在完成时一首诗：
现完用法共七条, since + 主+过去式莫忘掉；
since+时间点，for +时间段，高考试题年年见。
in/over the past + 一段时, recently 和几次；
by now = so far 莫忘记, 三种since记心里。
特大重点：注意两个易混句型：
1.In five years,they will work on the project.
2. In the fiveyears’ time, they worked on the project.
In five years意思是：在五年之后，故用一般将来时；
in the five year’time 意思是：在这五年内， 故用过去时。
(6).现在完成进行时
主 +have/has +been +doing 现在完成时与现在完成进行时区别：两者的时间状语一致，但现在完成时强调动作到目前已经完成，继续不继续无关紧要但现在完成进行时强调两点：
①动作一直在进行，②到目前已经完成并将继续进行下去。
1. Excuse me,Marca, a reporter from Vanity Fair, _____ all day. Could you speak to her now? Aphones B has phoned C has beenphoning D phoned
解释：Marca 一整天（all day）在不停地打电话，因此用现在进行完成时。
2.I have beenteaching English for ten years.
3.Tom, I ______ foryou for three hours.A have waited B have beenwaiting
4.He_______Englishprogramme on the radio since he was 10.
A has listenedto B has been listening to C.arelistening D.listen
5. —I have got aheadache.
— Nowonder. You ______ in front of that computer too long.
A.work B. are working C.have been working D. worked
(7).过去完成时
主语+had+ 过去分词，表示过去的过去
When I cameto the station, the train had left.
三种类型 用法 特大重点：用过去完成时 必须有一个过去时作参照物， 过去完成时的动作发生在这个过去时之前 如：
When we reached hospital,the man had died.
① bythe end of last…. ② by+过去时间点
③ bythe time+主语+ 过去式 ; 主句+ had + 过去分词
1.By the endof last term ,he had learned1000 words.
2.By 1990,hehad got away twice.
3.By the timehe came here, the woman had left here.
两个延伸用法：
① it is the first time +主语+ have / has +过去分词
itwas the first time +主语+ had +过去分词
② it is +一段时间+ since +主语+过去式
itwas +一段时间 + since +主语+ had +过去分词
如1.It isthree years since he married. 2.It was three years since he hadmarried.
注意：it is +一段时间+ since +主语+过去式
巧记这个句型since 后面是延续， 否定翻译要牢记。
如：It isten years since he smoked. 他十年就不抽烟了。
六、被动语态
（一）、英语动词有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。主动语态主语是动作的执行者，被动语态主语是动作的承受者。
主动语态转换为被动语态
主动句：Theyheld an important meeting in the Meeting Room of the hotel。
被动句：Animportant meeting was held by them in the Meeting Room of the hotel
主语（由原来宾语变来）+be+ 过去分词+by…… (原主语变为介词by的宾语)。（二）、巧记下列动词不用被动语态：
cost, disappear,consist of; hold , last , prove; add up to, belong to, happen/ take place/occur, break out, come out . give out, run out. change into
巧记方法： 花费，消失和组成； 容纳，持续与证明；
总计，属于，三“发生”； 四个“out ”与变成。
（三）六大动词无被跟副（read,write,wash, sell, fit. dress,lock ,burn即：读、写、洗、卖、 适合、穿,锁住，燃烧记心间。）如
1.－What about the books? －Books of this kind ________ well.
A.sell B.sells C. aresold D. issold
2.The book readswell, and sells well.
3.The product willsell better if it is promoted with a slogan.
主动语态与被动语态构，成一览表：
语态主动语态被动语态
一般现在时动词的动词原形am/is/are + 过去分词
一般过去时动词的过去时was/were + 过去分词
现在进行时am/is/are+ doingam/is/are+ being+过去分词
过去进行时was/were +doingwas /were+ being+过去分词
一般将来时shall/will + 动词原形shall/will +be+过去分词
过去将来时should/would +动词原形should/would+ be +过去分词
现在完成时has/have+过去分词has /have+ been+过去分词
过去完成时had +过去分词had +been +过去分词
情态动词can/may/must +have +donecan/may/must +be +过去分词
【被动语态热点试题自测】
1. You _________ by a policeman if youdrive that way.
A. are stopped B.will be stopped C. stopped D.will stop
2. Children _________ how to swim when theyare seven years old.
A. istaught B. aretaught C. isteaching D. teach
3.The building that ________ over there isthe tallest one in the city.
A. isbuilt B.building C. is beingbuilt D. is building
4. —_________the sports meet might be putoff.
—Yes, it alldepends on the weather.
A. I’ve beentold B. I’ve told C.I’m told D. told
5. In some part of the world, tea _________with milk and sugar.
A. isserving B. isserved C.serves D. served
6. If water _________ , it can be turnedinto vapour.
A.heats B. willheat C. has beenheated C. is heated
7. — Hurry up, you _________ on the phone.
— Oh, I’m coming.Thank you.
A.want B. are wanted C.are being wanted D. are wanting
8. The price of the tickets for the film istoo high, so they ________.
A. sellbadly B. sell quickly C.are sold badly D. sell fast
9. The police found that the house _______and a lot of things ________.
A. has broken into;has been stolen B. had broken into ;had been stolen
C. has been brokeninto; stolen D. had been broken into;stolen
10. A lot of trees lastnight.
A werewatered B. was watered C. arewatered D. watered
11.English has been changing for centuries, and even now, new words andexpressions _____ nearly every day.
A. areadded B. are being added C. haveadded D. have been added
12 They _____ the computer problem, whichin turn helped us get back online.
A. havesolved B. hadsolved C. solve D.solved
13. The tree was lying across the road. It________ down in the storm.
A. was beingblown B. had been blown C. was blowing D.had blown
14. Cleaning women in big cities usuallyget ________ by the hour.
A.pay B.paying C. paid D. topay
15．It issaid that that book ____ into many foreign languages so far.
A. have beentranslated B. hasbeen translated
C. wastranslated D.is translated
Keys:1—5:BBCAB 6—10:DBADA 11—15:BDBCB
【时态和语态热点试题自测】
1.Selectinga mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology ____ sorapidly.
A. ischanging B. haschanged C. will havechanged D. will change
2.The door_____.Better have it repaired.
A. isn’tshut B. won’tshut C.hasn’t beenshut D. won’t beshut
3 Hundreds of jobs______ if the factory closes.
A.lose B. will belost C. are lost D.will lose
4. I’ve won aholiday for two to Florida. I ____ my mum.
A. amtaking B. havetaken C.take D. willhave taken
5 A new cinema _____ here. They hope tofinish it next month.
A. willbe built B. is built C. has beenbuilt D. isbeing built
6. –You’ve left thelight on.
–Oh,so I have___ and turn it off. A. I’ll go B.I’ve gone C.I goD.I’m going
7. The reportersaid that the UFO ____ east to west when he saw it.
A. wastravelling B.travelled C. had beentravelling D. was to travel
8.–How are youtoday?
–Oh, I ____ as illas I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’tfeel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’tfeel D. haven’tfelt
9.Old McDonald gaveup smoking for a while, but soon ______ to his old ways.
A.returned B.returns C. wasreturning D. hadreturned
10. –The cloth isof good quality, and _____ well.
–Butthe washing machine______ this morning
A.washes; wouldn’t start B.washes; wouldn’t bestarted
C. iswashed; wouldn’tstart D. is washed;wouldn’t be stared
11. The price ____,but I doubt whether it will remain so.
A. wentdown B. will go down C. has gonedown D. was going down
12. –Hey, lookwhere you are going!
–Oh, I’m terriblysorry. ______.
A. I’m notnoticing B. I wasn’tnoticing C. I haven’tnoticed D. I don’t notice
14. –Nancy is notcoming tonight.
–Butshe ______.
A.promises B. promised C. willpromise D. had promised
15.Shirley ______ a book about China last year but I don’t know whether she hasfinished it.
A. haswritten B. wrote C. hadwritten D.was writing
16. –Hi! Tracy, you look tired.
–Iam tired. I _____ the living room all day.
A.painted B. hadpainted C. have beenpainting D. have painted
17. I first metLisa three years ago. She _____ at a radio shop at the time.
A.has worked B. was working C. had beenworking D. had worked
免责声明：本站所有文章内容,图片，视频等均是来源于用户投稿和互联网及文摘转载整编而成，不代表本站观点，不承担相关法律责任。其著作权各归其原作者或其出版社所有。如发现本站有涉嫌抄袭侵权/违法违规的内容,侵犯到您的权益，请在线联系站长,一经查实,本站将立刻删除。 本文来自网络,若有侵权，请联系删除，如若转载，请注明出处：https://itzsg.com/18517.html
