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英语中“to do”和“doing”作为非谓语动词,核心区别在于动作的时间状态和逻辑关系,“to do”常表未发生、目的或具体动作,“doing”常表已发生、主动或习惯性动作。帮助理解:
一、后接to do的动词(侧重未做/目的)
1. plan to do(计划做)
– 我计划下周去旅行。I plan to travel next week.
– 他们计划举办一场派对。They plan to hold a party.
2. hope to do(希望做)
– 她希望通过考试。She hopes to pass the exam.
– 我们希望见到你。We hope to see you.
3. want to do(想要做)
– 他想要一杯咖啡。He wants to have a cup of coffee.
– 孩子们想要去公园。The kids want to go to the park.
4. decide to do(决定做)
– 她决定辞职。She decides to quit her job.
– 我们决定待在家里。We decide to stay at home.
5. promise to do(承诺做)
– 他承诺会准时到。He promises to arrive on time.
– 她承诺帮助我。She promises to help me.
6. agree to do(同意做)
– 他们同意合作。They agree to cooperate.
– 他同意参加会议。He agrees to attend the meeting.
7. refuse to do(拒绝做)
– 她拒绝签字。She refuses to sign.
– 他拒绝回答问题。He refuses to answer the question.
8. offer to do(主动提出做)
– 他主动提出开车送我。He offers to drive me.
– 她主动提出帮忙做饭。She offers to help cook.
9. manage to do(设法做成)
– 我们设法完成了任务。We managed to finish the task.
– 他设法解决了问题。He managed to solve the problem.
10. fail to do(未能做)
– 他未能通过考试。He failed to pass the exam.
– 她未能按时到达。She failed to arrive on time.
二、后接doing的动词(侧重已做/习惯)
1. enjoy doing(喜欢做)
– 我喜欢读书。I enjoy reading books.
– 他们喜欢游泳。They enjoy swimming.
2. finish doing(完成做)
– 她完成了作业。She finished doing her homework.
– 他完成了演讲。He finished giving the speech.
3. mind doing(介意做)
– 你介意开窗吗?Do you mind opening the window?
– 他不介意等待。He doesn’t mind waiting.
4. practice doing(练习做)
– 她每天练习弹钢琴。She practices playing the piano every day.
– 他们练习说英语。They practice speaking English.
5. keep doing(持续做)
– 雨一直下。It keeps raining.
– 他一直工作到深夜。He kept working until midnight.
6. avoid doing(避免做)
– 她避免犯错误。She avoids making mistakes.
– 我们应避免浪费时间。We should avoid wasting time.
7. suggest doing(建议做)
– 他建议去看电影。He suggests going to the movies.
– 她建议步行去那里。She suggests walking there.
8. admit doing(承认做)
– 他承认打破了窗户。He admitted breaking the window.
– 她承认说了谎。She admitted telling a lie.
9. deny doing(否认做)
– 他否认偷了钱。He denied stealing the money.
– 她否认见过他。She denied seeing him.
10. consider doing(考虑做)
– 他们考虑搬到乡下。They are considering moving to the countryside.
– 她考虑换工作。She is considering changing her job.
三、意义不同的动词(to do vs doing)
1. forget to do(忘记要做) vs forget doing(忘记做过)
– 我忘记关灯了(没关)。I forgot to turn off the light.
– 我忘记关过灯了(已关)。I forgot turning off the light.
2. remember to do(记得要做) vs remember doing(记得做过)
– 记得带钥匙(没带)。Remember to take the key.
– 我记得带过钥匙(已带)。I remember taking the key.
3. regret to do(遗憾要做) vs regret doing(后悔做过)
– 我遗憾地告诉你坏消息。I regret to tell you the bad news.
– 他后悔辞掉了工作。He regrets quitting his job.
4. try to do(努力做) vs try doing(尝试做)
– 他努力解决问题。He tried to solve the problem.
– 他尝试用另一种方法。He tried using another method.
5. mean to do(打算做) vs mean doing(意味着做)
– 我打算帮助你。I mean to help you.
– 成功意味着努力工作。Success means working hard.
6. stop to do(停下来去做) vs stop doing(停止做)
– 他们停下来休息。They stopped to rest.
– 他停止吸烟了。He stopped smoking.
7. go on to do(接着做另一件事) vs go on doing(继续做同一件事)
– 他做完作业,接着看电视。He finished homework and went on to watch TV.
– 他不顾疲劳,继续工作。He went on working despite being tired.
8. need to do(需要做) vs need doing(需要被做)
– 我需要买一本书。I need to buy a book.
– 这扇门需要修理。The door needs repairing.
9. want to do(想要做) vs want doing(需要被做)
– 她想要喝水。She wants to drink water.
– 这件衣服需要洗。The clothes want washing.
10. like to do(具体喜欢做) vs like doing(习惯喜欢做)
– 我今天喜欢喝茶(具体)。I like to drink tea today.
– 我喜欢喝茶(习惯)。I like drinking tea.
四、介词后接doing
1. be interested in doing(对做…感兴趣)
– 她对画画感兴趣。She is interested in drawing.
2. be good at doing(擅长做…)
– 他擅长打篮球。He is good at playing basketball.
3. think about doing(考虑做…)
– 我们在考虑去旅行。We are thinking about traveling.
4. dream of doing(梦想做…)
– 她梦想成为一名医生。She dreams of becoming a doctor.
5. succeed in doing(成功做…)
– 他们成功完成了项目。They succeeded in completing the project.
五、固定搭配
1. it’s + adj. + to do(做…是…的)
– 帮助别人是好的。It’s good to help others.
2. have fun doing(做…很开心)
– 我们玩游戏很开心。We had fun playing games.
3. spend time doing(花时间做…)
– 她每天花一小时读书。She spends an hour reading every day.
4. be busy doing(忙于做…)
– 他忙于工作。He is busy working.
5. can’t help doing(忍不住做…)
– 她忍不住笑了。She couldn’t help laughing.
通过以上搭配和例句可以看出,“to do”多关联未来、目的或具体动作,“doing”多关联过去、习惯或主动状态,结合语境记忆能更高效掌握。
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