Nginx 实践案例（源码编译安装方式）：利用LNMP搭建wordpress站点

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LNMP是Linux + Nginx + MySQL + PHP 四个系统的首字母缩写，相对于 LAMP（Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP ）来说的。曾经在虚拟主机建站界风靡一时，随着新的编程语言和容器技术、微服务等发展，慢慢没落了，尤其是PHP编程语言的使用量急剧下降了。​

​ WordPress是一款能让您建立出色网站、博客或应用程序的开源软件。它具有美观的设计，强大的功能，可以助您自由发挥心中所想。WordPress既是免费的，也是无价的​。

# 本实践过程中的系统及环境描述
L：Linux     https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/
N：Nginx     https://nginx.org/en/download.html
M：MySQL     https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
P：PHP       http://php.net/downloads.php
Wordpress    https://cn.wordpress.org/latest-zh_CN.tar.gz
#部署规划：
192.168.250.47：Nginx php-fpm 运行web服务
192.168.250.48：运行MySQL数据库,Redis服务

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1. 架构拓扑及主机说明

欢迎大家来到IT世界,在知识的湖畔探索吧!

欢迎大家来到IT世界,在知识的湖畔探索吧!# 三台主机 1 1台 Linux+Nginx+PHP+WordPress （简称 LNP） 服务器 ： 主机名：LNP-Server-IP47 CentOS 7.9 IP:192.168.250.47 2 1台 MySQL+Redis 服务器 ： 主机名： MySQL-Redis-IP48 CentOS 8.4 IP:192.168.250.48/24 3 1台 client主机 ： WIN10-PC机

2. 准备 MySQL 数据库

# CentOS系统的优化，可以查以前的文章；按照架构图修改好主机名 [root@CentOS84-IP48 ]#hostnamectl set-hostname MySQL-Redis-IP48 [root@CentOS84-IP48 ]#exit # yum 安装 mysql-server 数据库 [root@MySQL-Redis-IP48 ]#yum info mysql-server Last metadata expiration check: 19:31:21 ago on Mon 28 Mar 2022 02:34:38 AM CST. Available Packages Name : mysql-server Version : 8.0.26 [root@MySQL-Redis-IP48 ]#yum -y install mysql-server # 启动服务并开启自启 [root@MySQL-Redis-IP48 ]#systemctl enable --now mysqld # 进入数据库 [root@MySQL-Redis-IP48 ]#mysql Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. # 创建 wordpress 库 mysql> create database wordpress; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) # 创建wordpress的数据库账户名和密码 mysql> create user wordpress@'192.168.250.%' identified by ''; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) # 数据库授权 mysql> grant all on wordpress.* to wordpress@'192.168.250.%'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) # 本机登录并验证数据库 mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | | wordpress | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> use wordpress Database changed mysql> show tables; Empty set (0.00 sec) mysql> quit Bye [root@MySQL-Redis-IP48 ]#

3. 网络验证MySQL服务

欢迎大家来到IT世界,在知识的湖畔探索吧!# 通过网络在另外一台机器上登录上面建好的数据库服务器 # 安装数据库客户端 mysql 包 [root@CentOS84-IP172-48 ]#yum -y install mysql # 网络方式登录远程数据库 [root@CentOS84-IP172-48 ]#mysql -uwordpress -p -h192.168.250.48 mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure. Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 9 Server version: 8.0.26 Source distribution Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | wordpress | +--------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>

4. 配置 LNP 服务器

​基本任务： 编译安装和部署 php 支持 redis，并准备配置和启动服务文件，启动 php-fpm； 编译安装Nginx ，并准备配置和启动服务文件，启动Nginx​

4.1 部署php-fpm服务

# 按照架构图修改好主机名 [root@centos79 ]# hostnamectl set-hostname LNP-Server-IP47 [root@centos79 ]# exit # 安装编译PHP需要的依赖包 [root@lnp-server-ip47 ]# yum -y install gcc openssl-devel libxml2-devel bzip2-devel libmcrypt-devel sqlite-devel oniguruma-devel # 下载 php-7.4.28.tar.xz 源码包 [root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# wget https://www.php.net/distributions/php-7.4.28.tar.xz [root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# ll -h php-7.4.28.tar.xz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10M Feb 15 21:40 php-7.4.28.tar.xz # 解压源码包，进入源码包所在目录 [root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# tar xf php-7.4.28.tar.xz [root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# ll total 11220 drwxr-xr-x 9 1001 1001 186 Mar 28 17:06 nginx-1.20.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  Nov 16 22:51 nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz drwxrwxr-x 16 root root 4096 Feb 15 21:23 php-7.4.28 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  Feb 15 21:40 php-7.4.28.tar.xz # 准备编译参数 [root@lnp-server-ip47 src]#cd php-7.4.28/ [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-7.4.28]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/php74 --enable-mysqlnd --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-openssl --with-zlib --with-config-file-path=/etc --with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d --enable-mbstring --enable-xml --enable-sockets --enable-fpm -enable-maintainer-zts --disable-fileinfo .................................... Thank you for using PHP. # 需要看到这个信息才算成功了 # 查看cpu个数，作为编译参数CPU选项输入 [root@lnp-server-ip47 nginx-1.20.2]# lscpu Architecture: x86_64 CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order: Little Endian CPU(s): 8 On-line CPU(s) list: 0-7 [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-7.4.28]# # 编译安装 [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-7.4.28]# make -j 8 && make install ................... #此处删除很多屏显内容，需要看到下面成功信息再进入下一步 Build complete. Don't forget to run 'make test'. Installing shared extensions: /apps/php74/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-zts-/ Installing PHP CLI binary: /apps/php74/bin/ Installing PHP CLI man page: /apps/php74/php/man/man1/ Installing PHP FPM binary: /apps/php74/sbin/ Installing PHP FPM defconfig: /apps/php74/etc/ Installing PHP FPM man page: /apps/php74/php/man/man8/ Installing PHP FPM status page: /apps/php74/php/php/fpm/ Installing phpdbg binary: /apps/php74/bin/ Installing phpdbg man page: /apps/php74/php/man/man1/ Installing PHP CGI binary: /apps/php74/bin/ Installing PHP CGI man page: /apps/php74/php/man/man1/ Installing build environment: /apps/php74/lib/php/build/ Installing header files: /apps/php74/include/php/ Installing helper programs: /apps/php74/bin/ program: phpize program: php-config Installing man pages: /apps/php74/php/man/man1/ page: phpize.1 page: php-config.1 /usr/local/src/php-7.4.28/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /apps/php74/bin/phar.phar ln -s -f phar.phar /apps/php74/bin/phar Installing PDO headers: /apps/php74/include/php/ext/pdo/ 准备 php 配置文件 # 从配置文件模板复制，并进行修改 [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-7.4.28]# cp /usr/local/src/php-7.4.28/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini # 进入当时编译参数内定义的目录 /apps/php74/ 从模板复制创建 php-fpm.conf [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-7.4.28]# cd /apps/php74/etc [root@lnp-server-ip47 etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf # 进入子配置文件目录，从模板 文件创建 www.conf [root@lnp-server-ip47 etc]# cd php-fpm.d/ [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# # 按照本实践的思路修改 www.conf [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# vim www.conf ;user = nobody user = www ;group = nobody group = www ;pm.status_path = /status pm.status_path = /status ;ping.path = /ping ping.path = /ping ;access.log = log/$pool.access.log access.log = log/$pool.access.log ;slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow # 修改后的 www.conf 文件去除 ； 注释行的所有文件内容 供比对 [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# grep '^[^;]' www.conf [www] user = www group = www listen = 127.0.0.1:9000 pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 5 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 1 pm.max_spare_servers = 3 pm.status_path = /status ping.path = /ping access.log = log/$pool.access.log slowlog = log/$pool.log.slow [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# # 创建 www 用户 [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin www # 创建访问日志文件路径 [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# mkdir /apps/php74/log [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# 启动并验证 php-fpm 服务 # 检查配置文件语法等 [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# /apps/php74/sbin/php-fpm -t [28-Mar-2022 18:05:51] NOTICE: configuration file /apps/php74/etc/php-fpm.conf test is successful # 准备启动服务文件 [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# cp /usr/local/src/php-7.4.28/sapi/fpm/php-fpm.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ # 启动并开机自启动 php-fpm [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# systemctl enable --now php-fpm Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/php-fpm.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service. # 验证监听端口 [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# ss -ltn State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 511 127.0.0.1:9000 *:* # 查看并跟踪 进程信息 [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# pstree -p |grep php |-php-fpm(20700)-+-php-fpm(20701) | `-php-fpm(20702) [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# ps -ef |grep php root 20700 1 0 18:06 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: master process (/apps/php74/etc/php-fpm.conf) www 20701 20700 0 18:06 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www www 20702 20700 0 18:06 ? 00:00:00 php-fpm: pool www root 20707 5036 0 18:07 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto php [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]#

4.2 部署 Nginx 服务

4.2.1 编译安装 nginx

欢迎大家来到IT世界,在知识的湖畔探索吧!# 编译安装 nginx # 准备Nginx编译安装的依赖包 [root@lnp-server-ip47 ]# yum -y install gcc pcre-devel openssl-devel zlib-devel # 下载 nginx 1.20.2 源码包 一般/usr/local/src/ 作为源码文件存放目录 [root@lnp-server-ip47 ]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz # 解压源码包 [root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# tar xf nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz [root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# ll total 1040 drwxr-xr-x 8 1001 1001 158 Nov 16 22:44 nginx-1.20.2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  Nov 16 22:51 nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz [root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# # 进入nginx-1.20.2 目录，准备编译参数 [root@lnp-server-ip47 src]# cd nginx-1.20.2 [root@lnp-server-ip47 nginx-1.20.2]# ./configure --prefix=/apps/nginx \ > --user=www \ > --group=www \ > --with-http_ssl_module \ > --with-http_v2_module \ > --with-http_realip_module \ > --with-http_stub_status_module \ > --with-http_gzip_static_module \ > --with-pcre \ > --with-stream \ > --with-stream_ssl_module \ > --with-stream_realip_module [root@lnp-server-ip47 nginx-1.20.2]# make -j 8 && make install # 准备服务文件并启动 nginx [root@lnp-server-ip47 nginx-1.20.2]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service [root@lnp-server-ip47 nginx-1.20.2]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service [Unit] Description=nginx - high performance web server Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/ After=network-online.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target Wants=network-online.target [Service] Type=forking PIDFile=/apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid ExecStart=/apps/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID ExecStop=/bin/kill -s TERM $MAINPID [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target [root@lnp-server-ip47 nginx-1.20.2]# # 创建目录 [root@lnp-server-ip47 nginx-1.20.2]# mkdir /apps/nginx/run/ # 修改配置文件 [root@lnp-server-ip47 nginx-1.20.2]# vim /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf # 仅修改下面这行的内容 pid /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid; # 启动并开机自启服务 [root@lnp-server-ip47 wordpress]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@lnp-server-ip47 wordpress]# systemctl enable --now nginx [root@lnp-server-ip47 wordpress]# ss -tln State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 511 127.0.0.1:9000 *:* LISTEN 0 511 *:80 *:* [root@lnp-server-ip47 wordpress]#

4.2.2 配置 Nginx 支持 fastcgi

# 配置 Nginx 支持 fastcgi
[root@lnp-server-ip47 nginx-1.20.2]# vim /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# 仅仅修改下面这些内容，其他都市默认值
worker_processes  auto;
pid        /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  blog.shone.cn;
        location / {
        root /data/nginx/wordpress;
        index index.php index.html index.htm; 
        }

        location  \.php$ { root /data/nginx/wordpress; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } location  ^/(ping|pm_status)$ {
        include fastcgi_params;
            fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
        }

# 通过命令筛选出有效的配置行
[root@lnp-server-ip47 nginx-1.20.2]# grep -Ev '#|^#39; /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
worker_processes  auto;
pid        /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid;
events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}
http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;
    sendfile        on;
    keepalive_timeout  65;
    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  blog.shone.cn;    #指定域名
        location / {
        root /data/nginx/wordpress;    #指定数据目录
        index index.php index.html index.htm;    # 指定默认主页文件
        }
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }
        
        location  \.php$ { #实现php-fpm root /data/nginx/wordpress; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; } location  ^/(ping|pm_status)$ { #PHP检测状态页 include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } } } [root@lnp-server-ip47 nginx-1.20.2]# # 重新启动 nginx 让新配置文件生效 [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# systemctl reload nginx [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# ss -ltn State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 511 127.0.0.1:9000 *:* LISTEN 0 511 *:80 *:* [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]#

4.2.3 测试PHP工作是否正常

准备测试页面

欢迎大家来到IT世界,在知识的湖畔探索吧![root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# mkdir -p /data/nginx/wordpress [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# vim /data/nginx/wordpress/phpinfo.php [root@lnp-server-ip47 php-fpm.d]# cat /data/nginx/wordpress/phpinfo.php 
   

测试PHP的ping

查看状态页

5. 部署 WordPress

5.1 准备 WordPress 文件

# 下载源文件，并复制到前面定义的网页目录下，并修改权属 [root@lnp-server-ip47 ]# wget https://cn.wordpress.org/latest-zh_CN.tar.gz [root@lnp-server-ip47 ]# ll total 19012 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  Mar 19 00:00 latest-zh_CN.tar.gz [root@lnp-server-ip47 ]# tar xf latest-zh_CN.tar.gz [root@lnp-server-ip47 ]# ll total 19016 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root  Mar 19 00:00 latest-zh_CN.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x 5 1006 1006 4096 Mar 19 00:00 wordpress [root@lnp-server-ip47 ]# cp -r wordpress/* /data/nginx/wordpress [root@lnp-server-ip47 ]# chown -R www.www /data/nginx/wordpress/ [root@lnp-server-ip47 ~]#

5.2 初始化 WordPress

欢迎大家来到IT世界,在知识的湖畔探索吧!# 修改WIN10的本地hosts文件，路径为 C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc\hosts 在最后添加一行 192.168.250.47 blog.shone.cn 在浏览器内输入 blog.shone.cn 出现可道云的初始化向导，按照向导完成初始化

在浏览器内输入 http://blog.shone.cn

6. 优化 WordPress

6.1 允许上传大文件

#注意:默认只支持1M以下文件上传,要利用php程序上传大文件,需要修改下面的配置,最大上传由下列项值的最小值决定，直接上传大于1M文件,会出现下面413错误 [root@lnp-server-ip47 wordpress]# vim /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.conf http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; #log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' # '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' # '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"'; #access_log logs/access.log main; client_max_body_size 100m; #nginx上传文件大小修改成100M，默认1M ......... [root@lnp-server-ip47 wordpress]# vim /etc/php.ini ; http://php.net/post-max-size ;post_max_size = 8M # 默认值为8M post_max_size = 30M ;upload_max_filesize = 2M # 默认值为2M upload_max_filesize = 20M [root@lnp-server-ip47 wordpress]# systemctl restart nginx php-fpm

6.2 安全加固

欢迎大家来到IT世界,在知识的湖畔探索吧!# 关闭版本显示[root@lnp-server-ip47 wordpress]# grep -Ev '#|^#39; /apps/nginx/conf/nginx.confworker_processes  auto;pid        /apps/nginx/run/nginx.pid;events {    worker_connections  1024;}http {    include       mime.types;    default_type  application/octet-stream;    client_max_body_size 100m;    sendfile        on;        keepalive_timeout  65;    server {        listen       80;        server_name  blog.shone.cn;        server_tokens off;                             # 安全加固选项        location / {        root /data/nginx/wordpress;        index index.php index.html index.htm;         }        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;        location = /50x.html {            root   html;        }                location  \.php$ { root /data/nginx/wordpress; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_index index.php; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_hide_header X-Powered-By; # 安全加固选项 } location  ^/(ping|pm_status)$ { include fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000; fastcgi_param PATH_TRANSLATED $document_root$fastcgi_script_name; } } } [root@lnp-server-ip47 wordpress]# # 关闭 PHP版本暴露 [root@lnp-server-ip47 wordpress]# vim /etc/php.ini ; http://php.net/expose-php ;expose_php = On # 默认值为ON 可以在客户端看到版本信息 expose_php = Off

6.3 配置 php 开启 opcache 加速

[root@lnp-server-ip47 wordpress]# vim /etc/php.ini ..................... [opcache] ; Determines if Zend OPCache is enabled zend_extension=opcache.so opcache.enable=1 ....................... [root@lnp-server-ip47 wordpress]#systemctl restart php-fpm

本文转自：https://blog.51cto.com/shone/