「寒假补习班」初中英语语法梳理和提高最全集合!——第二期

「寒假补习班」初中英语语法梳理和提高最全集合!——第二期、-For ________ .A. one and two day’s B. one and two day C. a day or tw

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代 词

知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!

一、 代词的分类

英语中常把代词分为人称代词、无主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、不定代词和相互代词。

二、 代词的用法

1. 人称代词:人称代词是指人的代词,有性、数、格的区别。表示“我” “你” “他” “我们” “你们” “他们”。请看下表:

「寒假补习班」初中英语语法梳理和提高最全集合!——第二期

(1) 人称代词主格在句中作主语。例如:She is my English teacher.

(2) 宾格在句中作宾语。

例如:They don’t want me to go there alone.

Don’t worry. I can look after her.

(3) 宾格还可以作宾格。特别是在口语中。例如:— Who’s that? — It’s me.

注意:

①人称代词we, you, they 可以用来表示一般人。例如:

You cannot go into the hall with slippers. 不准穿拖鞋进入大厅。

②人称代的主格作表语,一般都在正中的谈话中, 表示强调。例如:

It was he who took away the necklace. 是他拿走了那条项链。

③人称代词she可以用指代祖国、大地、月亮、轮船等。 例如:

The ship is leaving. She’s on her first trip to Boston. 轮船要起航了。 这时她第一次去波士顿。

We love our country, we hope she’ll be stronger and stronger. 我们热爱我们的祖国,我们希望她越来越强大。

④It作为人称代词时,可以表示天气、距离、时间、环境等。 例如:

It is about 10 kilometres from here. 离这儿大约有10公里。

⑤It 还可用作形式主语或形式宾语,来代替由不定式,动词的-ing,形式或主语从句构成的真正的主语或宾语, 以避免句子头重脚轻。例如:

It is not easy to learn English well.

It is good for you taking a walk after supper.

I found it difficult to sleep.

⑥英语里当主语是并列的几个人时,人称代词的排列顺序和汉语不同, I 在最后, you 在最前;但是, 当受到批评或时承认错误时正好相反,I 在最前, you在最后。 例如:

You, he and I are all the winners.

I, Li lei and you are wrong. We should do more for the project.

「寒假补习班」初中英语语法梳理和提高最全集合!——第二期

2.物主代词:表示所有关系的代词叫物主代词。物主代词包括名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词。

词 义

类 型

我的

你的

他的

她的

它的

我们的

你们的

他/她/它们的

形容词性物主代词

my

your

his

her

its

our

your

their

名 词性物主代词

mine

yours

his

hers

its

ours

yours

theirs

(1) 形容词性物主代词在句中具有形容词的特征。在句中作定语, 后面跟名词。例如:

To our surprise, he has passed the exam.

(2) 名词性的物主代词具有名词的特征, 在句中作主语、表语、宾语。例如:

May I use your bike? Mine is at school. (作主语)

Whose glasses are these? They are hers. ( 作表语)

My dictionary is lost. Can I use yours? (作宾语)

(3) 名词性物主代词可以与of 连用, 作定语。 例如:A friend of ours are waiting for us.

3.反身带词:用来表示“某人自己”的代词称为反身代词。如下表所示:

词 义

我(们)自己

你(们)自己

他/ 她/ 它 自 己 / 他 们 自 己

单 数

myself

yourself

himself

herself

itself

复 数

ourselves

yourselves

themselves

(1)反身代词在句中常用宾语,主语或宾语的同位语。例如:

Her sister is too young to dress herself. (作宾语)

He himself is always making such mistakes. (主语同位语)

You’d better ask your wife herself. (宾语同位语)

(2) 反身代词可与其他词构成固定搭配,例如:

make oneself at home, teach oneself, learn by oneself, help oneself to…,etc

「寒假补习班」初中英语语法梳理和提高最全集合!——第二期

4.指示代词:表示时间和空间远近关系的代词叫指示代词。见下表

这,这个

那,那个

这些

那些

this

that

these

those

指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。例如:

Those are my parents. ( 作主语)

Throw it like that. (作表语)

The toys little Tom likes are those in the basket. ( 作表语)

These pictures are drawn by an old blind man. ( 作定语)

注意:


(1)前面刚刚提到过的东西, 常用that, those 表示。 例如:

I’m sorry to hear that.


( 2 )下文将要提到的事情, 可用these, this 表示, 起启下的作用。 例如:

Tell the children to do like this: knock the stick into the earth first, then tie the tree to it.

5.疑问代词:用来构成特殊疑问句的代词叫疑问代词。常用的有:who, what, which, whose, whom, 在句中常作主语、宾语、定语、表语。

作主语: What make you so happy?

作宾语: Who / Whom is your manager talking with?

在口语中, 作宾语时 who和whom可以通用,但在介词后面只能用whom.例如:

About whom they are talking just now?

作定语: Which subject do you like best?

作表语: What’s your mother.

「寒假补习班」初中英语语法梳理和提高最全集合!——第二期

6.相互代词:用于表示相互关系的代词。 常用的有:each other, one another. 相互代词可以作宾语、定语。例如:

We should help each other.

The villagers have looked after one another these year.

相互代词后可以加’s,表示所有关系。 例如:

We put the presents in each other’s stocking.

7.连接代词: 用来连接宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句的代词叫连接代词。常用的有:what, which, who, whom whose, that例如:

I know what he said at the meeting.

The problem is who will mend it.

Could you tell me which is the way to the post office?

8. 不定代词:不定代词没有确定的对象, 常用的有:all, each, every, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some any, no以及由some, no, any, every 构成的复合词。

不定代词通常可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语, 而none及含有some, an every 的合成代词不能做定语,no和every 只能做定语。

many, few, a few修饰可数名词,much, little, a little修饰不可数名词。both, either, neither, each用于指两者,all, any, none, every, another用于指三者或三者以上。

「寒假补习班」初中英语语法梳理和提高最全集合!——第二期

例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!

This isn’t ______ pencil case. I left ______ at home.

A. my, mine B. me, my C. I, my D. my, myself

解析:此类题主要用于考查学生对人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的掌握情况。要做好这类题,就必须熟练掌握这三类词的用法。应选A。

The English novel is quite easy for you. There are ______ new words in it.

A. a little B. little C. a few D. few

解析:历年来中考始终将little, a little, few, a few作为一个重要考点,要做好这类题,必须明确几点:(1)little, a little修饰或代替不可数名词;few, a few修饰或代替可数名词复数。(2)few, little 一般表示否定意义;a few, a little表示肯定意义。应选D。

—— Can I come this evening or tomorrow morning?

—— ______ OK. I’m free today and tomorrow.

A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None

解析:此类题主要是针对each, every, both, all, either, neither, none等不定代词的考查。Both指两个人或物;all表示三者或三者以上“都”,它们都表示肯定意义,均与of连用,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,作定语修饰复数名词。all也可代替不可数名词或一个整体,这时谓语动词用单数形式,either指两者只任何一个,表肯定,表示三者或三者以上中的任何一个用any, neither是either的否定形式,表示两者都不是。应选A。

The population of China is much large than ______

this B.those C.it D.that

解析:在比较级的句型中,经常用that指代前面提到过的不可数名词,用those指代可数名词的复数。 选D。

5 . —— When shall we meet again?

—— Make it ______day you like. It’s all the same to me.

A. one B.any C.another D.all

解析:any表示任何一个。选B。

He said ______ at the meeting and just sat there silently.

A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything

解析:此句的意思是“他在会上一言不发,只是静静地坐在那里。”根据句意,应选C。

—— Do you know the lady ______ is interviewing our headmaster?

—— Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV.

A. which B. who C. whom D. whose

解析:先行词指人且在定语从句中作主语,所以应选B。

「寒假补习班」初中英语语法梳理和提高最全集合!——第二期

数 词

英语数词表示数目或者顺序, 可分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量,序数词表示顺序。

知识梳理:提纲挈领,抓住重点和难点!

一、基数词的构成

1.1—12的基数词是独立的单词,即: one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight, nine,ten,eleven,twelve。

2.13—19的基数词以-teen结尾。如: fourteen,seventeen等,但13,15,18较特殊, 13—thirteen 15—fifteen 18—eighteen。

3.20—90的整十位均以-ty结尾。如: sixty,ninety,但20,30,40,50,80较特殊, 20—twenty 30—thirty 40—forty 50—fifty 80—eighty。

4.十位数与个位数之间要加连字符号“-”,如:28—twenty-eight,96—ninety-six。

5.百位和十位(若无十位则和个位)之间加and,如:148—one hundred and forty-eight 406—four hundred and six。

6.hundred(百),thousand(千),million(百万),billion(十亿)等前面即使有具体的数词,也不能在它们的后面加s。如:600—six hundred,8百万—eight million。

7.1000以上的数字,从后往前数每三位加一个逗号“,”第一个逗号前为千(thousand),第二个逗号前为百万(million),第三个逗号前为billion(十亿)。英语中无“万”这个词,我们可以用“几十个千(thousand)”表示几万,“几百个千(thousand)”表示“几十万”。如:2,510=two thousand five hundred and ten;84,296=eight-four thousand two hundred and ninety-six;274,350=two hundred and seventy-four thousand three hundred and fifty。

二、序数词的构成

序数词一般是以与之相应的基数词尾加-th构成,例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的这些基数词变为序数词时, 有特别之处。

1.one— first, two — second, three — third, five — fifth, nice — ninth, twelve — twelfth

2. 以ty 结尾的单词, 要先变y为I, 在加-eth. 例如:thirty —thirtieth, fifty —fiftieth

3. 以one, two, three 等结尾的多位数词, 要将各位数变成序数词。 例如: twenty-one — twenty-first, one hundred and one — one hundred and first

注意: 序数词前常用定冠词, 有时还可以用不定冠词 a/an 则表示 “又一 ”的意思。

例如:Mr Brown has a second car. 布朗先生另外还有一辆车。

He has tried a second time. 他又尝试了一次。

三、数词的应用

1.时刻的表示:小时、点钟、分钟、秒钟要用基数词。

①“几点钟”用基数词加o’clock。o’clock可省略。如: 5点钟—five(o’clock).

②“几点过几分 ”,≤30分钟”用介词past。如: 7:05—five past seven;7:15—fifteen (a quarter)past seven;7:30—half past seven。

③“差几分几点”用介词“to”。如:7:40—twenty to eight;7:45—fifteen(a quarter to eight。

④日常生活中的时间读法常常简化,直接按基数词的顺序读。如:7:05—seven o five;7:15— seven fifteen。

2.年月日的表示:

① 年份用基数词,如:1999年—nineteen ninety-nine; 1900年—nineteen hundred; 2000—two thousand;1905—nineteen o five;

② 年用基数词,日用序数词。如:1998年6月8日 写作:June 8,1998;读作:June the eighth, nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June, nineteen ninety-eight。

3. 世纪、年代表示法:

(在)90年代 (in) the nineties

(在)19世纪 (in) the nineteenth century

(在)18世纪30年代 (in) 1730s或1730’s

4.编号的表示:

① Lesson One =the first lesson第一课;

② Bus No.3=the No.3bus 3路公共汽车;

③ 表示住所时不用“No.”如:302房间—Room 302(读作:room three o two);

④ 如果编号的数词比较长,一般用基数词。如:Page 457第457页;

⑤ 电话号码,用基数词,如:—three eight five five(double five) six three three(double three)。

5.分数的表达:

分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”,分母则加“s”。如:1/3 one third,2/3two thirds;

另外:1/2 a(one)half; 1/4one fourth或a(one)quarter;3/4threefourths或three quarters。

half a second; a quarter of a second四分之一秒

6. 表示有小数的词用基数词。                      

  5.5 five point five                     

12.135 twelve point one three five

7.表示百分数

5℅:five percent (per cent), 0.8℅ zero point eight percent (per cent).

8.表示有小数的词用基数词。                      

  5.5 five point five                     

  12.135 twelve point one three five                   

9.其他用法:

1)基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy;

一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge;女子400米接力girls’400-metre relay race。

2)具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long / high /tall /deep /away等。如:长江长6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long.

3)表示”几十岁”用序数词,eg. 在他三十几岁时 in his thirties

4)倍数的表达:(一倍用once,两倍用 twice,两倍以上用基数词+times。如:5倍five times)。

例如:He is as tall a boy as I.

He is a head taller than I .

He is two years older than I

China is four times as large as Europe.

I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.)

My books are twice as many as yours.

China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.)

I pay twice as much as it was worth.

I pay twice as much for the house.

「寒假补习班」初中英语语法梳理和提高最全集合!——第二期

例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!

1. _______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympic.

A. Thousand B. Thousands C. Thousand of D. Thousands of

2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a ______ one.

A. three B. third C. forth D. /

3). — Which is the smallest number of the four? — _________.

A. Two- thirds B. A half C. A quarter D. Three-fourths

4). Please write down the new words in the text of _______.

A. Lesson Eleven B. the Lesson Eleven C. Lesson Eleventh

解析:1.基数词hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具体数字时,它们后面不能加s,若这些词后面有介词of (几百,成百上千) ,thousands of (几千,数千个),millions of, billions of 前不可用数词修饰。但可用many, some, several 等修饰。故选答案D.

2.答案: B。此题主要考查序数词的运用。

3.答案:C。此题主要考查英语中的分数表示法。英语中表示分数时,分母用序数词,分子用基数词,当分子大于1时,表示分母的序数词后要加s.

4.答案: A。 此题主要考查基数词的编号。在通常情况下,名词编号有这几种表示法: 1。事物名词+基数词,且每个单词的首字母都要大写。如:Lesson Eleven;2。定冠词+基数词+事物名词。如: No. 6 Middle School

「寒假补习班」初中英语语法梳理和提高最全集合!——第二期

练习与巩固:熟能生巧,取得好成绩!

选择填空:

1. _______ of people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day.

A. Many million B. Several million C. Several millions D. Many millions

2. About _______ of the surface of the earth _______ covered with water.

A. three quarter, is B. three quarters, has C. three quarters, is D. three quarter, are

3. It will take _______ time to finish the work.

A. one and a half years’ B. a year and half C. one and a half year’s D. a year and half’s

4.— How long will your stay here ?、

—For ________ .

A. one and two day’s B. one and two day C. a day or two D. one or two day

5.When he moved to Germany in ______ , he was already in _______ .

A. the fifties; his sixties B. fifties; his sixties

C. the fifties; his sixty D. fifty; sixty

6.My brother lives in ______ on ______ floor.

A. six Room ;second B. Room six ;the second

C. Room six; two floor D. the room six ; the second

7.December is _______ month of the year.

A. twelve B. twelfth C. the twelfth D. the twelve

8.This took place in the ______ .

A. 1940 B. 1940s C. 1940es D. 1940th

9.It is only _____ from my home to the train station.

A. ten minutes walk B. ten-minutes walk C. ten minutes ‘s walk D. ten minutes’ walk

10.There are ______ in this building , I live on ______.

A. nine floors ,the ninth floor B. nine floor, the ninth floor

C. nine floor , nine floors D.ninth floor,the ninth floor

11.The water behind the Three Gorges Dams (三峡大坝) should be ______ higher than downstream( 下游)。

A. sixty-five meter B. sixty-fifth meter

C. sixty-five meters D. sixty-fifth meters

12. There are _______ days in a year.

A. three hundred sixty-five B. three hundred and sixty-five

C. three hundred and sixty –five D. two hundreds and sixty-five

13. —How many teachers are there in your school?

— __________. , but I’m not sure.

A. Hundreds B. Hundred C. Hundreds of D. One hundred

14. There are _________ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.

A. thousand B. two thousand C. two thousands D. two thousands of

15. — What’s one fourth and a half, do you know?

— Yes, it’s _________.

A. two sixths B. three fourths C. one three D. three sixth

16. Now children, turn to page ________ and look at the _______ picture in Lesson Two.

A. twentieth, one B. twenty, one C. twentieth, first D. twenty, first

17. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _______ one.

A. three B. third C. forth D. /

18. December is the __________ month in year.

A. twenty B. twelve C. twentieth D. twelfth

19. — What is the date today?

— It’s _________.

A. Thursday B. June the sixteenth C. the best day D. June fifteen

20. She knows a lot about China as she has been to China ________.

A. for the forth time B. four times C. a fourth time D. for four times

1-5 CCACA 6-10 BCBD 11-15 CCCDA 16 –20 DBDBB

「寒假补习班」初中英语语法梳理和提高最全集合!——第二期


小朋友,今天的打卡学习时间就到这。我们下期再见哟!

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