跟老韩学Ubuntu Server2204,apt-get帮助手册

跟老韩学Ubuntu Server2204,apt-get帮助手册apt-get帮助手册如下。

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跟老韩学Ubuntu Server2204,apt-get帮助手册

apt-get 帮助手册

apt-get帮助手册如下。

root@hanyw:~# man apt-get  |grep -Ev '^#39;
APT-GET(8)                                APT                                APT-GET(8)
NAME
       apt-get - APT package handling utility -- command-line interface
SYNOPSIS
       apt-get [-asqdyfmubV] [-o=config_string] [-c=config_file] [-t=target_release]
               [-a=architecture] {update | upgrade | dselect-upgrade | dist-upgrade |
               install pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]...  |
               remove pkg...  | purge pkg...  |
               source pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]...  |
               build-dep pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]...  |
               download pkg [{=pkg_version_number | /target_release}]...  | check |
               clean | autoclean | autoremove | {-v | --version} | {-h | --help}}
DESCRIPTION
       apt-get is the command-line tool for handling packages, and may be considered
       the user's "back-end" to other tools using the APT library. Several "front-end"
       interfaces exist, such as aptitude(8), synaptic(8) and wajig(1).
       Unless the -h, or --help option is given, one of the commands below must be
       present.
       update
           update is used to resynchronize the package index files from their sources.
           The indexes of available packages are fetched from the location(s) specified
           in /etc/apt/sources.list. For example, when using a Debian archive, this
           command retrieves and scans the Packages.gz files, so that information about
           new and updated packages is available. An update should always be performed
           before an upgrade or dist-upgrade. Please be aware that the overall progress
           meter will be incorrect as the size of the package files cannot be known in
           advance.
       upgrade
           upgrade is used to install the newest versions of all packages currently
           installed on the system from the sources enumerated in
           /etc/apt/sources.list. Packages currently installed with new versions
           available are retrieved and upgraded; under no circumstances are currently
           installed packages removed, or packages not already installed retrieved and
           installed. New versions of currently installed packages that cannot be
           upgraded without changing the install status of another package will be left
           at their current version. An update must be performed first so that apt-get
           knows that new versions of packages are available.
       dist-upgrade
           dist-upgrade in addition to performing the function of upgrade, also
           intelligently handles changing dependencies with new versions of packages;
           apt-get has a "smart" conflict resolution system, and it will attempt to
           upgrade the most important packages at the expense of less important ones if
           necessary. The dist-upgrade command may therefore remove some packages. The
           /etc/apt/sources.list file contains a list of locations from which to
           retrieve desired package files. See also apt_preferences(5) for a mechanism
           for overriding the general settings for individual packages.
       dselect-upgrade
           dselect-upgrade is used in conjunction with the traditional Debian packaging
           front-end, dselect(1).  dselect-upgrade follows the changes made by
           dselect(1) to the Status field of available packages, and performs the
           actions necessary to realize that state (for instance, the removal of old
           and the installation of new packages).
       install
           install is followed by one or more packages desired for installation or
           upgrading. Each package is a package name, not a fully qualified filename
           (for instance, in a Debian system, apt-utils would be the argument provided,
           not apt-utils_2.4.8_amd64.deb). All packages required by the package(s)
           specified for installation will also be retrieved and installed. The
           /etc/apt/sources.list file is used to locate the desired packages. If a
           hyphen is appended to the package name (with no intervening space), the
           identified package will be removed if it is installed. Similarly a plus sign
           can be used to designate a package to install. These latter features may be
           used to override decisions made by apt-get's conflict resolution system.
           A specific version of a package can be selected for installation by
           following the package name with an equals and the version of the package to
           select. This will cause that version to be located and selected for install.
           Alternatively a specific distribution can be selected by following the
           package name with a slash and the version of the distribution or the Archive
           name (stable, testing, unstable).
           Both of the version selection mechanisms can downgrade packages and must be
           used with care.
           This is also the target to use if you want to upgrade one or more
           already-installed packages without upgrading every package you have on your
           system. Unlike the "upgrade" target, which installs the newest version of
           all currently installed packages, "install" will install the newest version
           of only the package(s) specified. Simply provide the name of the package(s)
           you wish to upgrade, and if a newer version is available, it (and its
           dependencies, as described above) will be downloaded and installed.
           Finally, the apt_preferences(5) mechanism allows you to create an
           alternative installation policy for individual packages.
           If no package matches the given expression and the expression contains one
           of '.', '?' or '*' then it is assumed to be a POSIX regular expression, and
           it is applied to all package names in the database. Any matches are then
           installed (or removed). Note that matching is done by substring so 'lo.*'
           matches 'how-lo' and 'lowest'. If this is undesired, anchor the regular
           expression with a '^' or '#39; character, or create a more specific regular
           expression.
           Fallback to regular expressions is deprecated in APT 2.0, has been removed
           in apt(8), except for anchored expressions, and will be removed from apt-
           get(8) in a future version. Use apt-patterns(5) instead.
       reinstall
           reinstall is an alias for install --reinstall.
       remove
           remove is identical to install except that packages are removed instead of
           installed. Note that removing a package leaves its configuration files on
           the system. If a plus sign is appended to the package name (with no
           intervening space), the identified package will be installed instead of
           removed.
       purge
           purge is identical to remove except that packages are removed and purged
           (any configuration files are deleted too).
       source
           source causes apt-get to fetch source packages. APT will examine the
           available packages to decide which source package to fetch. It will then
           find and download into the current directory the newest available version of
           that source package while respecting the default release, set with the
           option APT::Default-Release, the -t option or per package with the
           pkg/release syntax, if possible.
           The arguments are interpreted as binary and source package names. See the
           --only-source option if you want to change that.
           Source packages are tracked separately from binary packages via deb-src
           lines in the sources.list(5) file. This means that you will need to add such
           a line for each repository you want to get sources from; otherwise you will
           probably get either the wrong (too old/too new) source versions or none at
           all.
           If the --compile option is specified then the package will be compiled to a
           binary .deb using dpkg-buildpackage for the architecture as defined by the
           --host-architecture option. If --download-only is specified then the source
           package will not be unpacked.
           A specific source version can be retrieved by postfixing the source name
           with an equals and then the version to fetch, similar to the mechanism used
           for the package files. This enables exact matching of the source package
           name and version, implicitly enabling the APT::Get::Only-Source option.
           Note that source packages are not installed and tracked in the dpkg database
           like binary packages; they are simply downloaded to the current directory,
           like source tarballs.
       build-dep
           build-dep causes apt-get to install/remove packages in an attempt to satisfy
           the build dependencies for a source package. By default the dependencies are
           satisfied to build the package natively. If desired a host-architecture can
           be specified with the --host-architecture option instead.
           The arguments are interpreted as binary or source package names. See the
           --only-source option if you want to change that.
       satisfy
           satisfy causes apt-get to satisfy the given dependency strings. The
           dependency strings may have build profiles and architecture restriction list
           as in build dependencies. They may optionally be prefixed with "Conflicts: "
           to unsatisfy the dependency string. Multiple strings of the same type can be
           specified.
           Example: apt-get satisfy "foo" "Conflicts: bar" "baz (>> 1.0) | bar (= 2.0),
           moo"
           The legacy operator '</>' is not supported, use '<=/>=' instead.
       check
           check is a diagnostic tool; it updates the package cache and checks for
           broken dependencies.
       download
           download will download the given binary package into the current directory.
       clean
           clean clears out the local repository of retrieved package files. It removes
           everything but the lock file from /var/cache/apt/archives/ and
           /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/.
       autoclean (and the auto-clean alias since 1.1)
           Like clean, autoclean clears out the local repository of retrieved package
           files. The difference is that it only removes package files that can no
           longer be downloaded, and are largely useless. This allows a cache to be
           maintained over a long period without it growing out of control. The
           configuration option APT::Clean-Installed will prevent installed packages
           from being erased if it is set to off.
       autoremove (and the auto-remove alias since 1.1)
           autoremove is used to remove packages that were automatically installed to
           satisfy dependencies for other packages and are now no longer needed.
       changelog
           changelog tries to download the changelog of a package and displays it
           through sensible-pager. By default it displays the changelog for the version
           that is installed. However, you can specify the same options as for the
           install command.
       indextargets
           Displays by default a deb822 formatted listing of information about all data
           files (aka index targets) apt-get update would download. Supports a --format
           option to modify the output format as well as accepts lines of the default
           output to filter the records by. The command is mainly used as an interface
           for external tools working with APT to get information as well as filenames
           for downloaded files so they can use them as well instead of downloading
           them again on their own. Detailed documentation is omitted here and can
           instead be found in the file
           /usr/share/doc/apt/acquire-additional-files.md.gz shipped by the apt-doc
           package.
OPTIONS
       All command line options may be set using the configuration file, the
       descriptions indicate the configuration option to set. For boolean options you
       can override the config file by using something like -f-,--no-f, -f=no or
       several other variations.
       --no-install-recommends
           Do not consider recommended packages as a dependency for installing.
           Configuration Item: APT::Install-Recommends.
       --install-suggests
           Consider suggested packages as a dependency for installing. Configuration
           Item: APT::Install-Suggests.
       -d, --download-only
           Download only; package files are only retrieved, not unpacked or installed.
           Configuration Item: APT::Get::Download-Only.
       -f, --fix-broken
           Fix; attempt to correct a system with broken dependencies in place. This
           option, when used with install/remove, can omit any packages to permit APT
           to deduce a likely solution. If packages are specified, these have to
           completely correct the problem. The option is sometimes necessary when
           running APT for the first time; APT itself does not allow broken package
           dependencies to exist on a system. It is possible that a system's dependency
           structure can be so corrupt as to require manual intervention (which usually
           means using dpkg --remove to eliminate some of the offending packages). Use
           of this option together with -m may produce an error in some situations.
           Configuration Item: APT::Get::Fix-Broken.
       -m, --ignore-missing, --fix-missing
           Ignore missing packages; if packages cannot be retrieved or fail the
           integrity check after retrieval (corrupted package files), hold back those
           packages and handle the result. Use of this option together with -f may
           produce an error in some situations. If a package is selected for
           installation (particularly if it is mentioned on the command line) and it
           could not be downloaded then it will be silently held back. Configuration
           Item: APT::Get::Fix-Missing.
       --no-download
           Disables downloading of packages. This is best used with --ignore-missing to
           force APT to use only the .debs it has already downloaded. Configuration
           Item: APT::Get::Download.
       -q, --quiet
           Quiet; produces output suitable for logging, omitting progress indicators.
           More q's will produce more quiet up to a maximum of 2. You can also use -q=#
           to set the quiet level, overriding the configuration file. Note that quiet
           level 2 implies -y; you should never use -qq without a no-action modifier
           such as -d, --print-uris or -s as APT may decide to do something you did not
           expect. Configuration Item: quiet.
       -s, --simulate, --just-print, --dry-run, --recon, --no-act
           No action; perform a simulation of events that would occur based on the
           current system state but do not actually change the system. Locking will be
           disabled (Debug::NoLocking) so the system state could change while apt-get
           is running. Simulations can also be executed by non-root users which might
           not have read access to all apt configuration distorting the simulation. A
           notice expressing this warning is also shown by default for non-root users
           (APT::Get::Show-User-Simulation-Note). Configuration Item:
           APT::Get::Simulate.
           Simulated runs print out a series of lines, each representing a dpkg
           operation: configure (Conf), remove (Remv) or unpack (Inst). Square brackets
           indicate broken packages, and empty square brackets indicate breaks that are
           of no consequence (rare).
       -y, --yes, --assume-yes
           Automatic yes to prompts; assume "yes" as answer to all prompts and run
           non-interactively. If an undesirable situation, such as changing a held
           package, trying to install an unauthenticated package or removing an
           essential package occurs then apt-get will abort. Configuration Item:
           APT::Get::Assume-Yes.
       --assume-no
           Automatic "no" to all prompts. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Assume-No.
       --no-show-upgraded
           Do not show a list of all packages that are to be upgraded. Configuration
           Item: APT::Get::Show-Upgraded.
       -V, --verbose-versions
           Show full versions for upgraded and installed packages. Configuration Item:
           APT::Get::Show-Versions.
       -a, --host-architecture
           This option controls the architecture packages are built for by apt-get
           source --compile and how cross-builddependencies are satisfied. By default
           is it not set which means that the host architecture is the same as the
           build architecture (which is defined by APT::Architecture). Configuration
           Item: APT::Get::Host-Architecture.
       -P, --build-profiles
           This option controls the activated build profiles for which a source package
           is built by apt-get source --compile and how build dependencies are
           satisfied. By default no build profile is active. More than one build
           profile can be activated at a time by concatenating them with a comma.
           Configuration Item: APT::Build-Profiles.
       -b, --compile, --build
           Compile source packages after downloading them. Configuration Item:
           APT::Get::Compile.
       --ignore-hold
           Ignore package holds; this causes apt-get to ignore a hold placed on a
           package. This may be useful in conjunction with dist-upgrade to override a
           large number of undesired holds. Configuration Item: APT::Ignore-Hold.
       --with-new-pkgs
           Allow installing new packages when used in conjunction with upgrade. This is
           useful if the update of an installed package requires new dependencies to be
           installed. Instead of holding the package back upgrade will upgrade the
           package and install the new dependencies. Note that upgrade with this option
           will never remove packages, only allow adding new ones. Configuration Item:
           APT::Get::Upgrade-Allow-New.
       --no-upgrade
           Do not upgrade packages; when used in conjunction with install, no-upgrade
           will prevent packages on the command line from being upgraded if they are
           already installed. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Upgrade.
       --only-upgrade
           Do not install new packages; when used in conjunction with install,
           only-upgrade will install upgrades for already installed packages only and
           ignore requests to install new packages. Configuration Item:
           APT::Get::Only-Upgrade.
       --allow-downgrades
           This is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue without prompting
           if it is doing downgrades. It should not be used except in very special
           situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system! Configuration
           Item: APT::Get::allow-downgrades. Introduced in APT 1.1.
       --allow-remove-essential
           Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue
           without prompting if it is removing essentials. It should not be used except
           in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your system!
           Configuration Item: APT::Get::allow-remove-essential. Introduced in APT 1.1.
       --allow-change-held-packages
           Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue
           without prompting if it is changing held packages. It should not be used
           except in very special situations. Using it can potentially destroy your
           system! Configuration Item: APT::Get::allow-change-held-packages. Introduced
           in APT 1.1.
       --force-yes
           Force yes; this is a dangerous option that will cause apt to continue
           without prompting if it is doing something potentially harmful. It should
           not be used except in very special situations. Using force-yes can
           potentially destroy your system! Configuration Item: APT::Get::force-yes.
           This is deprecated and replaced by --allow-unauthenticated ,
           --allow-downgrades , --allow-remove-essential , --allow-change-held-packages
           in 1.1.
       --print-uris
           Instead of fetching the files to install their URIs are printed. Each URI
           will have the path, the destination file name, the size and the expected MD5
           hash. Note that the file name to write to will not always match the file
           name on the remote site! This also works with the source and update
           commands. When used with the update command the MD5 and size are not
           included, and it is up to the user to decompress any compressed files.
           Configuration Item: APT::Get::Print-URIs.
       --purge
           Use purge instead of remove for anything that would be removed. An asterisk
           ("*") will be displayed next to packages which are scheduled to be purged.
           remove --purge is equivalent to the purge command. Configuration Item:
           APT::Get::Purge.
       --reinstall
           Re-install packages that are already installed and at the newest version.
           Configuration Item: APT::Get::ReInstall.
       --list-cleanup
           This option is on by default; use --no-list-cleanup to turn it off. When it
           is on, apt-get will automatically manage the contents of /var/lib/apt/lists
           to ensure that obsolete files are erased. The only reason to turn it off is
           if you frequently change your sources list. Configuration Item:
           APT::Get::List-Cleanup.
       -t, --target-release, --default-release
           This option controls the default input to the policy engine; it creates a
           default pin at priority 990 using the specified release string. This
           overrides the general settings in /etc/apt/preferences. Specifically pinned
           packages are not affected by the value of this option. In short, this option
           lets you have simple control over which distribution packages will be
           retrieved from. Some common examples might be -t '2.1*', -t unstable or -t
           sid. Configuration Item: APT::Default-Release; see also the
           apt_preferences(5) manual page.
       --trivial-only
           Only perform operations that are 'trivial'. Logically this can be considered
           related to --assume-yes; where --assume-yes will answer yes to any prompt,
           --trivial-only will answer no. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Trivial-Only.
       --mark-auto
           After successful installation, mark all freshly installed packages as
           automatically installed, which will cause each of the packages to be removed
           when no more manually installed packages depend on this package. This is
           equally to running apt-mark auto for all installed packages. Configuration
           Item: APT::Get::Mark-Auto.
       --no-remove
           If any packages are to be removed apt-get immediately aborts without
           prompting. Configuration Item: APT::Get::Remove.
       --auto-remove, --autoremove
           If the command is either install or remove, then this option acts like
           running the autoremove command, removing unused dependency packages.
           Configuration Item: APT::Get::AutomaticRemove.
       --only-source
           Only has meaning for the source and build-dep commands. Indicates that the
           given source names are not to be mapped through the binary table. This means
           that if this option is specified, these commands will only accept source
           package names as arguments, rather than accepting binary package names and
           looking up the corresponding source package. Configuration Item:
           APT::Get::Only-Source.
       --diff-only, --dsc-only, --tar-only
           Download only the diff, dsc, or tar file of a source archive. Configuration
           Item: APT::Get::Diff-Only, APT::Get::Dsc-Only, and APT::Get::Tar-Only.
       --arch-only
           Only process architecture-dependent build-dependencies. Configuration Item:
           APT::Get::Arch-Only.
       --indep-only
           Only process architecture-independent build-dependencies. Configuration
           Item: APT::Get::Indep-Only.
       --allow-unauthenticated
           Ignore if packages can't be authenticated and don't prompt about it. This
           can be useful while working with local repositories, but is a huge security
           risk if data authenticity isn't ensured in another way by the user itself.
           The usage of the Trusted option for sources.list(5) entries should usually
           be preferred over this global override. Configuration Item:
           APT::Get::AllowUnauthenticated.
       --no-allow-insecure-repositories
           Forbid the update command to acquire unverifiable data from configured
           sources. APT will fail at the update command for repositories without valid
           cryptographically signatures. See also apt-secure(8) for details on the
           concept and the implications. Configuration Item:
           Acquire::AllowInsecureRepositories.
       --allow-releaseinfo-change
           Allow the update command to continue downloading data from a repository
           which changed its information of the release contained in the repository
           indicating e.g a new major release. APT will fail at the update command for
           such repositories until the change is confirmed to ensure the user is
           prepared for the change. See also apt-secure(8) for details on the concept
           and configuration.
           Specialist options (--allow-releaseinfo-change-field) exist to allow changes
           only for certain fields like origin, label, codename, suite, version and
           defaultpin. See also apt_preferences(5). Configuration Item:
           Acquire::AllowReleaseInfoChange.
       --show-progress
           Show user friendly progress information in the terminal window when packages
           are installed, upgraded or removed. For a machine parsable version of this
           data see README.progress-reporting in the apt doc directory. Configuration
           Items: Dpkg::Progress and Dpkg::Progress-Fancy.
       --with-source filename
           Adds the given file as a source for metadata. Can be repeated to add
           multiple files. See --with-source description in apt-cache(8) for further
           details.
       -eany, --error-on=any
           Fail the update command if any error occured, even a transient one.
       -h, --help
           Show a short usage summary.
       -v, --version
           Show the program version.
       -c, --config-file
           Configuration File; Specify a configuration file to use. The program will
           read the default configuration file and then this configuration file. If
           configuration settings need to be set before the default configuration files
           are parsed specify a file with the APT_CONFIG environment variable. See
           apt.conf(5) for syntax information.
       -o, --option
           Set a Configuration Option; This will set an arbitrary configuration option.
           The syntax is -o Foo::Bar=bar.  -o and --option can be used multiple times
           to set different options.
FILES
       /etc/apt/sources.list
           Locations to fetch packages from. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::SourceList.
       /etc/apt/sources.list.d/
           File fragments for locations to fetch packages from. Configuration Item:
           Dir::Etc::SourceParts.
       /etc/apt/apt.conf
           APT configuration file. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Main.
       /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/
           APT configuration file fragments. Configuration Item: Dir::Etc::Parts.
       /etc/apt/preferences
           Version preferences file. This is where you would specify "pinning", i.e. a
           preference to get certain packages from a separate source or from a
           different version of a distribution. Configuration Item:
           Dir::Etc::Preferences.
       /etc/apt/preferences.d/
           File fragments for the version preferences. Configuration Item:
           Dir::Etc::PreferencesParts.
       /var/cache/apt/archives/
           Storage area for retrieved package files. Configuration Item:
           Dir::Cache::Archives.
       /var/cache/apt/archives/partial/
           Storage area for package files in transit. Configuration Item:
           Dir::Cache::Archives (partial will be implicitly appended)
       /var/lib/apt/lists/
           Storage area for state information for each package resource specified in
           sources.list(5) Configuration Item: Dir::State::Lists.
       /var/lib/apt/lists/partial/
           Storage area for state information in transit. Configuration Item:
           Dir::State::Lists (partial will be implicitly appended)
SEE ALSO
       apt-cache(8), apt-cdrom(8), dpkg(1), sources.list(5), apt.conf(5), apt-
       config(8), apt-secure(8), The APT User's guide in /usr/share/doc/apt-doc/,
       apt_preferences(5), the APT Howto.
DIAGNOSTICS
       apt-get returns zero on normal operation, decimal 100 on error.
BUGS
       APT bug page[1]. If you wish to report a bug in APT, please see
       /usr/share/doc/debian/bug-reporting.txt or the reportbug(1) command.
AUTHORS
       Jason Gunthorpe
       APT team
NOTES
        1. APT bug page
           http://bugs.debian.org/src:apt
APT 2.4.8                           08 January 2021                          APT-GET(8)

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