「讲与练」2014-2021年语法填空分类汇总——动词的时态语态[亲测有效]

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语法填空是近年来高考英语推出的一种新题型。在一篇200词左右的语言材料中留出10个空白，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法，甚至是句法上的运用能力，能更科学地反映学生们的英语综合水平。本题型分两种情况：一种为已给单词提示，一种为不给单词提示。下面这十三个激活成功教程语法填空的技巧，非常实用，一起来学习吧！此类题可以考查学生对单词形式变化的掌握程度。单词形式变化主要有两种，一是词的形、数、式的变化，一是词的派生变化。在判断出词的变化之后还应该进一步审题，看是否需要使用复合的变化形式，这一点是很重要的。技巧一：名词形式变化。名词的形式变化主要有单数、复数、所有格的变化。例：There are many students living at school，the    (child) houses are all far from school．由students一词可以判断出横线处应填复数，且作为houses的定语，所以应用其所有格形式，故答案为child的复合变化形式—复数的所有格children’s。技巧二：动词形式变化。动词的形式变化比较多，有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气)，有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。例：A talk    (give) tomorrow is written by Professor Zhang.句中的is written是整句的谓语，所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。从tomorrow可以看出，报告是“将来”作的，故用不定式；且报告是give动作的承受者，故可以判断出横线所在处用give的不定式被动式——to be given。技巧三：代词形式变化。代词形式变化通常是与人称变化有关的三大类五小类，即人称代词(主格和宾格)、物主代词(形容词性和名词性)、反身代词。另外还有几个不定代词的形式变化，如no one／none、other／another等。例：The king decided to see the painter by    (he).由介词by可以看出，横线处应填反身代词himself。技巧四：形容词、副词比较级变化。英语中大部分形容词和表方式的副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。构成比较级和最高级的方式，或通过加后缀一er和．est，或在词前Imore／less和most／least，且形容词的最高级还要冠以the。例：I am— —(tall)than Liu Wen．He is the tallest students in my class．此题后句交代了LiuWen是班上最高的学生，那“我”肯定比他矮，所以不能用taller，只能用表示程度不如的“less tall”。技巧五：数词形式变化。数词的形式变化包括基数词、序数词，或加后缀一teen、ty的变化，甚至还有作分母用的序数词的单复数形式，以及one／two的特殊变化形式 once／twice例：To my three sons I leave my seventeen horses．My eldest son shall take a half，my second son shall take a             (three).从上下文连续起来理解，这是一个分马的计划，大儿子分得a half，也就是“一半”或“二分之一”，那么二儿子应该得“三分之一”，所以要填入作分母的序数词“third”才能命中目标。技巧六：词的派生。词的派生现象在英语单词中是很常见的，派生现象主要发生在名词、动词、形容词、副词四种词中。这种题型还有可能检测学生对词根、前后缀、派生词的掌握。例：Lious lost his wallet yesterday，SO he was very____(happiness)．在这道题中，学生很容易判断出该用形容词；钱包丢了，人应该是不开心的，所以要再加个前缀un，就成了unhappy。此类题难度较大，但也是有方法对付的。技巧七：固定短语结构。根据句中横线前后及整句来判断横线前后是否构成一个固定短语，但有时要对横线前或后的几个单词“视而不见”才能命中答案。例1：The children were playing on the ground，enjoying____，dirty but happy.从句中的happy可以 猜出孩子们是开心的，所以应用enj0y oneself短语，故其答案为themselves。例2：His boss was____angry as to fire him．如果“跳过”横线后面的angry，就可以发现这里用到一个关联短语so...as to...，所以，so是正解。技巧八：从句引导词。从句是此题型最为常见的一个方向，主要检测学生对引导词的掌握程度。例1：He did not done_____his father had asked him to do．审题可知，横线所在为宾语从句的引导词，此引导词在从旬中充当宾语，且指物，所以是what。例2：Those_____want to go to the village must sign here．经过观察可以判断横线所在为定语从句的引导词，进一步观察可知先行词为those，且指人，所以只能填入who，在定语从句中做主语。技巧九：短语动词结构。短语动词是以动词为中心的两个或多个词构成的短语，此类短语中往往是动词与介词或副词连用的多些。例1：The us consists____fifty states．根据常识可知，美国由50个州组成，故横线处与前一词组合，表示“由......组成”，所以答案是of。例2：Mrs Baker was ill，so her daughter had to ask forleave to take_____of her．生病需要人照顾，所以答案是care，与前后词构成take care of。技巧十：短语介词结构。短语介词即多个词的组合。起介词作用的短语，如：except for，due to等。例1：Mr Smith took a plane to London____of taking a train.此题中说到两种交通工具，所以可以理解此句有“坐……而不是坐……”的意思，故答案为instead，以构成介词短语instead of。例2：Just then，he saw a blackboard in_____of him.细心观察，可以看出填人fr0nt即可构成in front of，此题得解。技巧十一：连词、关联短语结构。常用的连词有and，or，but，so，for，while等，常用的关联短语有both…and...，either…or...，neither…nor...，not only…but also...等。例1：Little Wang Jun could not go to school，_____his family was too poor．此处表示原因，引导的分句其实是一种解释说明，不是必然的因果关系，且前面有逗号隔开，所以填for。例2：____Marrie and Jannie like going to the theatre．横线处的词与后面可以构成both?and，故答案为Both。技巧十二：冠词、介词和常用的副词。冠词只能是在a，an，the之间判断；常用的介词有in，at，on，before，during等，通常考查固定搭配；副词的量还是比较多，如：however，never，yet，much等。例1：Jackie likes to drive at____ high speed．这里考查的是不定冠词的习惯用法，答案为a，构成at a high speed，“以高速”开车。例2：Old Tom’s granddaughter used to visit him_____Saturday afternoon．Saturday afternoon是指定的某天下午，所以不用介词in，而用on才是正解。例3：Though Liu Qiang did the same work____Zhang Wen did，he got a lower pay______Zhang Wen.第一条横线可由前面的the same断出用as，第二条横线则可由lower断出比较意义，故答案为than。　高中生学习（微信公众号：gzsxuexige）　例4：It was only one day left，_____，his father had no idea to answer him．观察上下句，可以看出是转折关系，且横线与前后用逗号隔开，排除but，所以答案是however。技巧十三：上下文中出现的相关词。这一招是最为灵活的，但也是最难的。学生可以根据上下文关系和自己积累的知识，填入某个已出现的词，或其反义词，或其同类的某个词。答案的线索可能在本句，可能出现在上下相连的一句，还可能出现在比较远的地方——上下段中与此段位置大体相当的句子。如果该横线出现在某段的首句，则线索可能在上下段的首句；如果横线出现在某段的末句，则线索可能在上下段的末句，以此类推。例：Tony____travelling abroad，but dislikes staying home watching TV．由第二句话中的dislikes可以判断，此横线处应该是填其反义词likes。上述十三条技巧概括了此题型的多数考查方向，能够较大地提高同学们在此题型上的得分率。

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第一部分 历年真题

一般过去、现在时态、完成时态

1. ( 2014年新课标Ⅰ) In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It ______(61) (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.

2. ( 2014年新课标Ⅱ) I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ______(65) (catch) my attention.

3. (2015年新课标卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I ______(61) (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.

4. (2015年新课标卷Ⅰ))YangShuo ______(67) (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.

5.（2015年新课标卷Ⅱ）When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day: at the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle ______ (68)(go) day after day: the walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.

6. (2017年新课标卷Ⅱ) Later, engineers ______(68) (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube.

7. ( 2016年新课标卷Ⅲ) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ______(69) (be) too violent for use at the table.

8.（2016年新课标卷Ⅱ）It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, ______(70) (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.

9.（2018年新课标Ⅲ）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal ______(69)(mean) me no real harm.

10.（2019年新课标卷Ⅰ）Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ______(70) (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.

11.（2019年新课标Ⅱ）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ______(64)（declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business.

12.（2019年新课标Ⅲ）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ______(65)（recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit.

13.（2016年新课标卷Ⅰ） So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I ________ (62) (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre.

14.（2017年新课标卷Ⅰ）When fat and salt ______(64) (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something

15. (2017年新课标卷Ⅱ)Steam engines ______(65) (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day.

16. ( 2017年新课标卷Ⅲ) Sarah______(63) (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year.

17.（2019年新课标Ⅲ） On the last day of our week-long stay, we ______(69)（invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.

18.（2017年新课标卷Ⅰ） Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ______(67) (be) full of fat and salt;

19. （2017年新课标卷Ⅲ） My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school______(69) (come) first.

20.（2018年新课标Ⅰ）While running regularly cannot make you live forever, the review says it ______(64) (be) more effective at lengthening life than (65) walking, cycling or swimming.

21. （2020年新课标卷Ⅰ） Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it _______ (67) (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed ＂.

22. （2020年新课标卷Ⅰ） Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ______ (68) (construct)＂.

23. （2020年新课标卷Ⅲ）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ______ (66) (point) down the river.

24. （2020年山东） The parts of a museum open to the public _______ (40)（call）galleries or rooms. ···Most of it is stored away or used for research.

25. （2020年山东）Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ________ (41)（be）on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research.

26.（2020年浙江）And, as more children were born, more food _______ (59)（need）.

27.（2020年浙江）New methods _______ (65)（mean）that fewer people worked in farming.

28. (2021年新高考I卷)You can’t help wondering how hard it ______(61)(be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place.

29. (2021年全国甲卷)The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ______(41) (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).

30. (2021年全国甲卷) We ______(46) (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job.

1. ( 2014年新课标Ⅱ) Then the driver stood up and asked, “______(68) anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”

2.（2018年新课标Ⅱ）Since 2011, the country ______(61)（grow）more corn than rice.

3.（2018年新课标Ⅱ）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ______(68) (start) a soil-testing program that/which(69) gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.

4.（2019年新课标卷Ⅰ）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ______(65) (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.

5.（2019年新课标Ⅱ）I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______(66)（make） over the years.

6.（2020年新课标卷Ⅰ）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— _______( 61 ) (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.

7. （2020年山东）In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.··· The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _______ (38) （form）the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759.

8.（2020年浙江） By about 6000 BC, people _________ (61)（discover）the best crops to grow and animals to raise.

1. ( 2016年新课标卷Ⅲ) Truly elegant chopsticks might ______(62) (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters.

2. (2020年新课标卷Ⅱ) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _______ (62) (carry) special significance.

3. 【难点】 （2016年新课标卷Ⅱ）If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of achievement. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ______ (63) (be) often acceptable.

4. 【难点】（2020年新课标卷Ⅲ）The artist was sure he would ______ (63) (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed.

第二部分 参考答案

一般过去、现在时态、完成时态

1. ( 2014年新课标Ⅰ) In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River Cleveland, Ohio. It ______(61) (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. （一般过去时态） was

2. ( 2014年新课标Ⅱ) I got a place next to the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike ______(65) (catch) my attention.（一般过去时态） caught

3. (2015年新课标卷Ⅰ)It was raining lightly when I ______(61) (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.（一般过去时态） arrived

4. (2015年新课标卷Ⅰ))YangShuo ______(67) (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. (一般现在时态)is

5.（2015年新课标卷Ⅱ）When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough to cool the house during the hot day: at the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle ______ (68)(go) day after day: the walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and thus always a timely offset (抵消) for the outside temperatures.（一般现在时态）goes

6. (2017年新课标卷Ⅱ) Later, engineers ______(68) (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. 过去时态managed

7. ( 2016年新课标卷Ⅲ) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ______(69) (be) too violent for use at the table.（连词的基本功能）were，略难

8.（2016年新课标卷Ⅱ）It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, ______(70) (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.（祈使句）make

9.（2018年新课标Ⅲ）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive. True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal ______(69)(mean) me no real harm.（一般过去时态）meant

10.（2019年新课标卷Ⅰ）Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ______(70) (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.（一般现在时）are

11.（2019年新课标Ⅱ）Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ______(64)（declare） she had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old business. （一般过去时态）declared

12.（2019年新课标Ⅲ）Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ______(65)（recommend）wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. （一般过去时态） recommended

13.（2016年新课标卷Ⅰ） So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I ________ (62) (allow) to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. (被动语态) was allowed

14.（2017年新课标卷Ⅰ）When fat and salt ______(64) (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something 被动语态 are removed

15. (2017年新课标卷Ⅱ) Steam engines ______(65) (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using it every day. must have been 表示对过去的推测 被动语态 were used

16. ( 2017年新课标卷Ⅲ) Sarah______(63) (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel，earning a million dollars in the next year. 被动语态 has been told / was told

17.（2019年新课标Ⅲ） On the last day of our week-long stay, we ______(69)（invite）to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars.（一般过去时的被动语态）were invited

18.（2017年新课标卷Ⅰ） Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ______(67) (be) full of fat and salt; 一般现在时 is

19. （2017年新课标卷Ⅲ） My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school______(69) (come) first. comes

20.（2018年新课标Ⅰ）While running regularly cannot make you live forever, the review says it ______(64) (be) more effective at lengthening life than (65) walking, cycling or swimming.（主谓一致）is

21. （2020年新课标卷Ⅰ） Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it _______ (67) (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon is constructed ＂. （主谓一致）means

22. （2020年新课标卷Ⅰ） Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, ＂because it means we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon ______ (68) (construct)＂. （一般现在时的被动语态）is constructed

23. （2020年新课标卷Ⅲ）When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and ______ (66) (point) down the river. （一般过去时） pointed

24. （2020年山东） The parts of a museum open to the public _______ (40)（call）galleries or rooms. ···Most of it is stored away or used for research. （一般现在时的被动语态）are called

25. （2020年山东） Often, only a small part of a museum’s collection ________ (41) （be）on display. Most of it is stored away or used for research. （一般现在时，主谓一致）is

26.（2020年浙江）And, as more children were born, more food _______ (59)（need）.（一般过去时的被动语态）was needed

27.（2020年浙江）New methods _______ (65)（mean）that fewer people worked in farming.（一般过去时）meant

28. (2021年新高考I卷)You can’t help wondering how hard it ______(61)(be)for the people then to put all those rocks into place.

(一般过去时) was

29. (2021年全国甲卷)The Xi’an City Wall is the most complete city wall that has survived China’s long history. It ______(41) (build) originally to protect the city in the Tang dynasty and has now been completely restored (修复).

30. (2021年全国甲卷) We ______(46) (hire) our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky but did the job. hired

1. ( 2014年新课标Ⅱ) Then the driver stood up and asked, “______(68) anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” （时间标志词：一般疑问句）did

2.（2018年新课标Ⅱ）Since 2011, the country ______(61)（grow）more corn than rice.（时间标志词 现在完成时态）has grown

3.（2018年新课标Ⅱ）The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government ______(68) (start) a soil-testing program that/which(69) gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.（时间标志词 一般过去时态）started

4.（2019年新课标卷Ⅰ）In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ______(65) (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief that populations are increasing.时间标志词 现在完成时 have reported

5.（2019年新课标Ⅱ）I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______(66)（make）over the years. 时间标志词现在完成时 have made

6.（2020年新课标卷Ⅰ）The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) —the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess— _______( 61 ) (touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.（时间标志词 一般过去时态）touched

7. （2020年山东）In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.··· The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, _______ (38) （form）the core collection of the British Museum which opened in 1759. （时间标志词 一般过去时态）formed

8.（2020年浙江） By about 6000 BC, people _________ (61)（discover）the best crops to grow and animals to raise. （时间标志词 过去完成时）had discovered

1. ( 2016年新课标卷Ⅲ) Truly elegant chopsticks might ______(62) (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.（情态动词 +动词原型 被动语态）be made

2. （2020年新课标卷Ⅲ）The artist was sure he would ______ (63) (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. （助动词 +动词原型 被动语态） be chosen

3. 【难点】（2016年新课标卷Ⅱ）If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别) those of greater and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of achievement. Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ______ (63)(be) often acceptable.（主谓一致）is

4. 【难点】 (2020年新课标卷Ⅱ) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _______ (62) (carry) special significance. （一般现在时）（主谓一致）carries