富兰克林怎样练习写作文？

欢迎大家来到IT世界,在知识的湖畔探索吧!

富兰克林，对，就这位：

人见人爱

欢迎大家来到IT世界,在知识的湖畔探索吧!

是美国历史上罕见的奇才之一。

从他亲笔自传中，能发现成功的基础是勤奋，当然也需要好的方法。

About this time I met with an odd volume of the Spectator. [1]It was the third. I had never before seen any of them.

I bought it, read it over and over, and was much delighted with it. I thought the writing excellent, and wished, if possible, to imitate it. With this view I took some of the papers, and, making short hints of the sentiment in each sentence, laid them by a few days, and then, without looking at the book, try’d to compleat the papers again, by expressing each hinted sentiment at length, and as fully as it had been expressed before, in any suitable words that should come to hand.

Then I compared my Spectator with the original, discovered some of my faults, and corrected them. But I found I wanted a stock of words, or a readiness in recollecting and using them, which I thought I should have acquired before that time if I had gone on making verses; since the continual occasion for words of the same import, but of different length, to suit the measure, or of different sound for the rhyme, would have laid me under a constant necessity of searching for variety, and also have tended to fix that variety in my mind, and make me master of it.

Therefore I took some of the tales and turned them into verse; and, after a time, when I had pretty well forgotten the prose, turned them back again. I also sometimes jumbled my collections of hints into confusion, and after some weeks endeavored to reduce them into the best order, before I began to form the full sentences and compleat the paper. This was to teach me method in the arrangement of thoughts.

By comparing my work afterwards with the original, I discovered many faults and amended them; but I sometimes had the pleasure of fancying that, in certain particulars of small import, I had been lucky enough to improve the method of the language, and this encouraged me to think I might possibly in time come to be a tolerable English writer, of which I was extremely ambitious.

My time for these exercises and for reading was at night, after work or before it began in the morning, or on Sundays, when I contrived to be in the printing-house alone, evading as much as I could the common attendance on public worship which my father used to exact of me when I was under his care, and which indeed I still thought a duty, thought I could not, as it seemed to me, afford time to practise it.

综合各方解读，上面这些文字的大意是——

首先，富兰克林选择了他喜欢的《观察家》杂志上的几篇文章，在看文章的时候，记录一些“线索”。

然后他脱离文章，根据自己刚才记录的“线索”，试着重写这篇文章。一段时间后，他不再记录线索，而是看完文章之后，以同样的主题自己写一篇文章，回头再找到杂志上最初的那篇文章，与自己写的文章进行对比，在必要时修改自己写的文章。

富兰克林在练习中发现，他的词汇并不像《观察家》杂志中的文章那样丰富。这是因为他词汇量不够，无法做到写作时“信手拈来”。

于是，他想到了用写诗和散文的办法扩大词汇量。他先把《观察家》杂志上的一些文章改写成诗句。一段时间后，他又尝试把这些诗句改写成散文。原因在于，写诗的时候，经常需要寻找意义相同而长度和发音不同的词去配合音律和韵脚，这会迫使他不断地推敲，搜寻同义不同形的词等。

有时他也把摘录的东西搞乱了，几个星期后再设法把它们用最好的次序排列起来，这样做是为了学会如何排列思想。

安德斯·艾利克森和罗伯特·普尔提出，成功的秘诀是遵循刻意练习的一些基本原则。也就是像富兰克林那样，既坚持不懈（练习），又刻意（设计循序渐进的提升难度的方法）。

[1] 英语世界第一份周刊，创办于1828年，是英国保守主义者必读刊物之一。