过去分词、现在分词不会用？最好懂得英语分词用法讲解，看完秒懂

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严正声明：阳春白雪教育原创，谢绝抓稿洗稿，谢距转载！

很多同学私信：“老师，我读书少。什么过去分词、现在分词，都不明白。”，遇到一个语法专有名词，立马晕菜，要想不晕菜，你得把它搞明白！

分词用法视频课 ↓↓↓

文字讲义：

一、分词就两种

（1）现在分词：-ing ，就是动词后面加ing；

（2）过去分词：-ed，就是动词后面加ed，和动词过去式构成一样。

先看看大家最明白的

• I was sleeping in class.

我正上课时睡觉。sleeping 就是现在分词。

• I have learnt English for 5 years.

我已经学习英语5年了。learnt 就是过去分词。

• The floor was cleaned this morning.

  地板今早被清理干净了。

我们最熟悉的粉刺用法：现在分词用于“进行时”；过去分词，用于“完成时”和“被动语态”。我们发现，分词不能单独作谓语动词，进行时得跟在 be 后面，完成时离不开 have \ has \ had ，被动语态也是 be + 过去分词。知道这些，你已经不单纯了。

下面是大家不熟悉的：

二、现在分词用法（括号里的解释更重要）

（1）现在分词作表语（含有“使 …… 怎么样，令 …… 怎么样”的意思，所以有“主动”含义）

• The story was very amusing.

  这个故事真逗。

• That book was interesting.

常见的还有：

exciting 令人激动的

interesting 使人产生兴趣的

disappointing 使人失望的

tiring 令人疲惫的

moving 让人感动的

（2）现在分词作定语（相当于一个形容词）

• It was an exciting finish.

  结局让人激动不已。

• He is a charming person.

  他是个魅力四射的人。

现在分词还可以作后置定语（修饰谁，就和谁是主动关系）

• The girl standing behind the counter served me.

  站在柜台后面的那个女孩接待得我。

• The car waiting outside the garden is mine.

  等在花园外面的汽车是我的。

（3）现在分词作状语（表示一个伴随发生的动作）

• Following my dog, we ran into the garden.

  跟在我的狗狗后面，我们跑进来花园。

• She sat in bed reading.

  她坐在床上读书。

现在分词还可以表原因（相当于原因状语从句，注意“有主有谓才叫句”）

• Not knowing his number, I couldn’t get in touch with him.

  =Because I didn’t know his number,

  …主语 I，谓语 didn’t know，两句连接需要连词 Because

  （因）不知道他的电话号码，我无法和他联系。

• Being tired of sleeping on the floor，he decided to buy a real bed.

  =Because he was tired of sleeping on the floor，

  …主语 he ，谓语 was tired of，两句连接需要连词 Because

  （因）厌倦了睡地板，他决定买个新床。

现在分词还可以表示时间（相当于一个时间状语从句，注意“有主有谓才叫句”）

• Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy.

  =When they heard the news, …

  主语 they，谓语 heard，两句连接需要连词 when

• Having finished her homework, she went out to play.

  =After she had finished her homework，…

  主语 she， 谓语 had finished，两句连接需要连词 After

（4）现在分词作宾补

在这些动词之后常用 see, hear, catch, find, keep , have 等.

• I saw him passing my house yesterday.
• I caught him stealing on the bus.
• I smelt something burning in the kitchen.
• We heard someone playing the piano next room.

三、过去分词用法（括号里的解释更重要）

（1）过去分词作表语（相当于一个形容词，有“被动”含义）

• We were so tired that we fell asleep soon.

  我们太累，很快入睡了。（被搞得很累）

• They were very pleased with the girl.

  他们对这个姑娘很满意。（被女孩的表现所触动）

• Mr. Chen was satisfied with my answer.

  陈老师对我的回答很满意。（被我的回答搞得很满意）

• I’m not interested in gardening.

  我对园艺不感兴趣。（我们没有被吸引）

（2）过去分词作定语（修饰谁，就和谁是被动关系）

• cooked food（被做熟了的食物）
• fried eggs（被煎过的鸡蛋）
• boiled water（被烧开的水）
• Is there anybody injured?（被弄伤的）
• I was the only passenger left on the bus.

  我成了唯一留在车上的乘客。（被下车的人落下的乘客）

（3）过去分词作状语（和主语是被动关系）

• Seen from the top of the hill, the small city looks wonderful.

  从小山顶上看去，小城美仑美奂。

  seen 和主语 the small city 之间是被动关系，小城被看….

• Mr. Chen came in, followed by his son.

  陈老师进来了，后面跟着他的儿子。

  followed 和主语 Mr Chen 是被动关系，Mr. Chen 被跟…

（4）过去分词作宾补（作谁的补语，就和谁是被动关系）

• The vicar has been asked to have the tree cut down.

  郊区牧师被要求把书砍掉。（树只能被砍）

• The manager found the shop robbed.

  经理发现商店被抢。

四、总结精髓：

分词作定语

和被修饰的词之间是主动关系，就用 现在分词

和被修饰的词之间是被动关系，就用 过去分词

The car waiting there is the one repaired yesterday.

分词作状语

和主句主语之间是主动关系，就用 现在分词

和主句主语之间是被动关系，就用 过去分词

Defeated in the game, the boy sat there crying.

下面的时间，留给学霸们 ↓↓↓

五、巩固练习（每题 25 分，共四小题，限时 4 分钟）

A. Compared

B. To compare

C. Having compared

D. Compare

2. The music of this movie_________ by him sounds so ___________ .

A. playing, exciting

B. played, exciting

C. playing, excited

D. played, excited

3. __________ against the coming snowstorm, they all stayed at home.

A. To warn

B. Having warned

C. Warned

D. Warn

4. Wang Junfeng couldn’t always make himself _______ by speaking English.

A. understand

B. understands

C.understanding

D. understood

造化钟神秀，学霸是独秀，答案请留言！